Typical profiles of multiple DWI indivisuals on MMPI-2

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S627-S627
Author(s):  
I.H. Shim ◽  
W.S. Woo ◽  
H.J. Seo ◽  
D.I. Jon ◽  
Y.J. Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Multiple Offenders

IntroductionAlcohol intoxication is often involved in the commission of criminal behaviors that are risky and involve personal confrontation. Individuals who reported having three or more drinks before driving exhibited greater impulsivity when under the influence of alcohol than did those who did not report heavy drinking before driving.ObjectivesThe present study utilized the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) to compare the characteristics of individuals with a single driving while intoxicated (DWI) offense with individuals who were multiple DWI offenders and to identify whether there was a typical profile for multiple offenders.MethodsThe charts of patients were examined in terms of demographic characteristics including age, sex, employment, and education; the MMPI scores of the two groups were compared using an independent t-test, and we identified the typical profile of multiple DWI offenders by using hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's method.ResultsScores on the F and the depression (D) scales of the MMPI-2 were significantly higher among multiple offenders than among first offenders. The multiple offenders-I group obtained relatively high scores on the D and psychopathic deviate (Pd) scales, and the multiple offenders-II group had low scores on both the hypomania (Ma) and social introversion (Si) scales. Thus, some multiple offenders may have poorer emotional adjustment, characterized by tendencies toward psychopathic deviance, mania, and depression, as well as psychopathological characteristics associated with patients with alcohol-use disorders.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that multiple offenders should be considered a high-risk group for alcohol-use disorders and recurrent drunken driving.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault Prevention for Heavy Drinking College Men: Development and Feasibility of an Integrated Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1369-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Orchowski ◽  
Nancy P. Barnett ◽  
Alan Berkowitz ◽  
Brian Borsari ◽  
Dan Oesterle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
College Men ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Assault Prevention

Despite the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses, few interventions aimed at decreasing college men’s proclivity to perpetrate sexual aggression have been developed and tested. This article details the theoretical framework, content, and piloting of a sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking, a high-risk group who may be particularly well positioned to intervene as proactive bystanders in drinking environments. In an open trial, male facilitators delivered the three-session Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program to 25 heavy drinking college men. Session 1 was a 90-min review of personalized normative feedback regarding alcohol use, sexual activity, alcohol-related sexual consequences, understanding of consent, and engagement in bystander intervention, delivered individually in a motivational interviewing style. Session 2 was a 2½-hr group-based sexual assault prevention workshop focusing on social norms, empathy, masculinity, consent, and bystander intervention. Session 3 was a 90-min booster group session that reviewed previous topics and included the active practice of bystander intervention skills. Analyses of postsession assessments of utility, therapeutic alliance, and satisfaction and examination of alcohol use and sexual assault–related outcomes from baseline to the 2-month assessment support the preliminary feasibility and acceptability of the SAFE program.

scholarly journals The cultural aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Robin Room
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Definition Of

Aims: To examine the cultural impact on the diagnosis of alcohol-use disorders using European countries as examples. Design: Narrative review. Results: There are strong cultural norms guiding heavy drinking occasions and loss of control. These norms not only indicate what drinking behaviour is acceptable, but also whether certain behaviours can be reported or not. As modern diagnostic systems are based on lists of mostly behavioural criteria, where alcohol-use disorders are defined by a positive answer on at least one, two or three of these criteria, culture will inevitably co-determine how many people will get a diagnosis. This explains the multifold differences in incidence and prevalence of alcohol-use disorders, even between countries where the average drinking levels are similar. Thus, the incidence and prevalence of alcohol-use disorders as assessed by surveys or rigorous application of standardised instruments must be judged as measuring social norms as well as the intended mental disorder. Conclusions: Current practice to measure alcohol-use disorders based on a list of culture-specific diagnostic criteria results in incomparability in the incidence, prevalence or disease burden between countries. For epidemiological purposes, a more grounded definition of diagnostic criteria seems necessary, which could probably be given by using heavy drinking over time.

scholarly journals Childhood and adolescent predictors of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood: a longitudinal developmental analysis

Addiction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (s1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Byron Egeland ◽  
Elizabeth M. Oliva ◽  
W. Andrew Collins
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Developmental Analysis

Elderly-study – treatment for alcohol problems among 60+

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S291-S292
Author(s):  
K. Andersen ◽  
M. Bogenschutz ◽  
G. Bühringer ◽  
S. Behrendt ◽  
B. Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Community Reinforcement Approach ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe western societies have a rapidly aging population and an increasing number of elderly with alcohol use disorders.ObjectiveThe purpose of the elderly study is to develop and test an outpatient behavior therapy program for people with an alcohol use disorders.Aim of this abstractTo investigate the association between ages, gender, drinking pattern and psychology distress.MethodThe study is a randomized study expected to enroll and treat 1000 participants aged 60+ years before April 2017; 200 in USA; 400 in Germany and 400 in Denmark. To be included in the study the participants have to fulfil the DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder. All participants are examined at baseline, and at four follow up interviews. After the baseline interview all participants are randomized to Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET); or MET followed by 8 weeks of counseling based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) with a module added to address problems relevants to elderly people.ResultsThe presentation will include baseline characteristics of the Danish participants including demographics, expectations to treatment, history of drinking in the last 90 days before baseline and their psychological distress. We have now enrolled 259 participants in the Danish database. We expect to present results from 320 patients.ConclusionThe data will present information about the profile of 60+ years’ individuals seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder, and thereby provide knowledge about which characteristics that may be important when planning treatment for this age group.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Cloninger's temperament dimensions and longitudinal alcohol use in early mid-life: A Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S118-S118
Author(s):  
D. Vladimirov ◽  
S. Niemelä ◽  
J. Auvinen ◽  
M. Timonen ◽  
S. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

BackgroundLongitudinal studies on how temperament is related to alcohol use in general population are scarce.ObjectivesFinding relations with temperament and problematic alcohol use using prospective birth cohort data.AimsTo investigate trends in self-reported alcohol consumption in adulthood.MethodsIn the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 5247), alcohol use was studied with questionnaires at ages 31 and 46. Participants were classified into abstainers, bingers, heavy drinkers, steady drinkers, increasers or reducers based on the change in consumption (g/day). Cloninger's TCI-scores were calculated for each group. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted with TCI-scores as factors influencing the change in alcohol consumption.ResultsHigh novelty seeking was associated with increased consumption, binging and heavy drinking among both sexes at both time points (P < 0.01). Lower persistence was associated with increased consumption at both time points among men and among women at age 46. Baseline novelty seeking predicted both increasing (OR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) and reducing (1.1; 1.0–1.1) for men and for women also increasing (1.1; 1.0–1.1) and reducing (1.1; 1.0–1.1), but when adjusted with baseline alcohol use novelty seeking only predicted increasing for men (1.0; 1.0–1.1).ConclusionsHigh novelty seeking and low persistence are associated with problematic alcohol use among middle-aged Northern Finns. Gender differences in predictors existed: novelty seeking predicted increase only for men in the adjusted model. Temperament scores do not seem to affect strongly changes in alcohol use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder in the Age of Technology: A Review of Wearable Biosensors in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Davis-Martin ◽  
Sheila M. Alessi ◽  
Edwin D. Boudreaux
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Blood Draw

Biosensors enable observation and understanding of latent physiological occurrences otherwise unknown or invasively detected. Wearable biosensors monitoring physiological constructs across a wide variety of mental and physical health conditions have become an important trend in innovative research methodologies. Within substance use research, explorations of biosensor technology commonly focus on identifying physiological indicators of intoxication to increase understanding of addiction etiology and to inform treatment recommendations. In this review, we examine the state of research in this area as it pertains to treatment of alcohol use disorders specifically highlighting the gaps in our current knowledge with recommendations for future research. Annually, alcohol use disorders affect approximately 15 million individuals. A primary focus of existing wearable technology-based research among people with alcohol use disorders is identifying alcohol intoxication. A large benefit of wearable biosensors for this purpose is they provide continuous readings in a passive manner compared with the gold standard measure of blood alcohol content (BAC) traditionally measured intermittently by breathalyzer or blood draw. There are two primary means of measuring intoxication with biosensors: gait and sweat. Gait changes have been measured via smart sensors placed on the wrist, in the shoe, and mobile device sensors in smart phones. Sweat measured by transdermal biosensors detects the presence of alcohol in the blood stream correlating to BAC. Transdermal biosensors have been designed in tattoos/skin patches, shirts, and most commonly, devices worn on the ankle or wrist. Transdermal devices were initially developed to help monitor court-ordered sobriety among offenders with alcohol use disorder. These devices now prove most useful in continuously tracking consumption throughout clinical trials for behavioral treatment modalities. More recent research has started exploring the uses for physical activity trackers and physiological arousal sensors to guide behavioral interventions for relapse prevention. While research has begun to demonstrate wearable devices' utility in reducing alcohol consumption among individuals aiming to cutdown on their drinking, monitoring sustained abstinence in studies exploring contingency management for alcohol use disorders, and facilitating engagement in activity-based treatment interventions, their full potential to further aid in understanding of, and treatment for, alcohol use disorders has yet to be explored.

Research assessments more important than duration of treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the duration of psychosocial treatments for alcohol use disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S118-S118
Author(s):  
L. Schmidt ◽  
A.S. Nielsen ◽  
A.B. Bojesen ◽  
K. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Duration Of Treatment

Background and aimsThe recommendations of duration of treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD) in clinical guidelines are based on consensus decisions. There is a risk that patients will receive too little or too much therapy. We hypothesize that there is an association between duration and effect up until a point where the effects of treatment diminish.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in the alcohol outpatient treatment centers. Population: adults (> 17 years) suffering from AUD treated with at least two sessions of therapy.StatisticsMultiple linear regression analysis with outcome measured in percentage of days abstinent (PDA), percentage of heavy days drinking (PHD), drinks per drinking day (DDD) and/or proportion of participants abstinent (ABS) as a function of duration of treatment.ResultsForty-four studies with 8485 participants were included. Mean duration: 18 (8–82) weeks and 15 (2–36) sessions. Mean follow-up time: 43 (8–104) weeks with a mean of 5 (2–18) research assessments. Only ABS was significantly associated with duration of treatment; ABS increased with 1.6%-point (P < 0.01) with each additional week in treatment. Surprisingly the analysis showed that each research assessment increased PDA with 11%-point (P < 0.001), decreased PHD with 4%-point (P < 0.05) and decreased DDD with 8%-point (P < 0.001).ConclusionDuration of treatment was associated positively with proportion of participants abstinent but not percentage of days abstinent drinks per drinking day or percentage of heavy drinking days. The three latter outcomes were affected positively by number of research assessments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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