Diversity of Sarcocystis spp shed by opossums in Brazil inferred with phylogenetic analysis of DNA coding ITS1, cytochrome B, and surface antigens

Viral studies have historically approached their phylogenetic analysis without consideration of the impact of the role the host plays in evolution. Our study examines host/viral interactions through analysis of the phylogenetic relationship between hantavirus genetic sequences and host cytochrome B sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of known Hantavirus genetic sequences were performed using PAUP 3.1.1 (vers. 4.0.0d64). Only sequences available through GENBANK were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of hantavirus sequences revealed distinct patterns based upon geographic area. These patterns coincided with the known ranges of reservoir hosts. Multiple hosts for individual viruses and multiple viruses in a single host species for hantaviruses have been described. This may be due to accidental exposure, host-switching, co-speciation, or broad co-accommodation. Since the host is the actual environment that the virus survives in, changes in the host over time could potentially directly influence changes in the virus. Multiple viruses and hosts collide in Southeastern Europe increasing the prospect of finding distinct viral/host relationships. Rodent Cytochrome B is very well conserved and can be used to tract host lineage. By tracking the relationship of infected hosts, we theorize that patterns in host DNA will emerge that will mirror patterns in viral sequences. This analysis of the host DNA could provide an understanding into the causes of variation in hantaviral sequences, pathogenicity, transmissibility, infectivity, viral range and expand our knowledge of viral/host interactions. Surveillance for viruses in the field should include analysis of the host DNA in combination with the viral analysis.

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A hybrid gene to express protein epitopes from both sporozoite and merozoite surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000058790 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. A. Holder ◽

M. J. Lockyer ◽

G. W. Hardy

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Malaria Vaccine ◽

Surface Antigens ◽

Repeat Sequence ◽

Antigenic Determinants ◽

Surface Molecule ◽

Hybrid Gene ◽

Dna Coding ◽

Hybrid Molecules ◽

Sequence Encoding

SummaryThe DNA coding for parts of the repetitive amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein has been spliced to a sequence encoding part of the precursor to the major merozoite surface antigens, to produce a hybrid gene. Expression in Escherichia coli produces a protein with antigenic determinants from both malaria proteins. Antibodies raised against the expressed material react with both a peptide derived from the circumsporozoite repeat sequence, and the merozoite surface molecule. Hybrid molecules of this type may be the basis of a malaria vaccine.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Bolivian Bat Trypanosomes of the Subgenus Schizotrypanum Based on Cytochrome b Sequence and Minicircle Analyses

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0036578 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e36578 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Lineth García ◽

Sylvia Ortiz ◽

Gonzalo Osorio ◽

Mary Cruz Torrico ◽

Faustino Torrico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cytochrome B

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Functional, structural, and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) in insects

Mitochondrial DNA Part A ◽

10.1080/24701394.2016.1275596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 236-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samin Seddigh ◽

Maryam Darabi

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome B

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Short Communication: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two Indonesian local cattle breeds based on cytochrome b gene sequences

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

TETY HARTATIK ◽

DWI NUR HAPPY HARIYONO ◽

YUDI ADINATA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Cytochrome B Gene ◽

Cyt B ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Cyt B Gene

Hartatik T, Hariyono DNH, Adinata Y. 2019. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two Indonesian local cattle breeds based on cytochrome b gene sequences. Biodiversitas 20: 17-22. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of two Indonesian local cattle breeds (Pasundan and Pacitan cattle) were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (cyt b) gene analysis. Partial sequences of cyt b gene, 404 bp in length, were determined for 21 individuals from the two breeds. Genetic diversity of the breeds was assessed based on the number of polymorphic sites, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and average number of differences. In addition, a neighbour-joining (NJ) haplotype tree was constructed based on Kimura’s two-parameter model. Among the two breeds, haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Pacitan cattle were the highest with values of 0.3778 and 0.00099, respectively. In contrast, Pasundan cattle had the lowest value for haplotype (0.1818) and nucleotide (0.00045) diversity. Four haplotypes (Hap_16, Hap_17, Hap_18 and Hap_19) were found across the two breeds and around 85.71% of investigated individuals were classified as Hap_16. Phylogenetic analysis with the inclusion of the cyt b sequences from 39 cattle breeds from Genbank database, showed that Indonesian cattle made a separated lineage together with Bos javanicus, B. bison, and B. bonasus. Pasundan and Pacitan cattle were considered from the same lineage based on haplotype distribution as well as phylogenetic analysis. This study may help the future researchers and livestock breeders for designing a breeding program based on a better understanding of the genetic diversity and history of local breeds.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis wenzeli in chickens (Gallus gallus) in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49974/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Pan ◽

Chunli Ma ◽

Zhumei Huang ◽

Yulong Ye ◽

Hongxia Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Rpob Gene ◽

28S Rdna ◽

Ground Substance ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Cox1 Gene ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Sarcocystis Spp

Abstract Background: There has been considerable confusion concerning the number and classification of Sarcocystis spp. in chickens. Scarce nucleotide data of Sarcocystis spp. from chickens are provided in GenBank. The study aimed to investigate the morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis spp. found in chickens in China.Methods: Tissues from 33 chickens were collected in 2019. Sarcocysts were observed using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Individual sarcocysts from different chickens were selected for DNA extraction, and five loci, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1 region, the mitochondrial cox1 gene and the apicoplastic rpoB gene, were amplified from each sarcocyst, sequenced and analyzed.Results: Only S. wenzeli was found in 14 of 33 (42.4%) chickens. Under LM, the sarcocysts were microscopic and exhibited palisade-like villar protrusions measuring 1.5–2.8 μm. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous stubby hill-like villar protrusions. The protrusions included scattered microtubules, which extended from the tips of the protrusions into the ground substance. The five loci were successfully sequenced and the sequences deposited in GenBank. At 18S rDNA, ITS1 and cox1, the most similar sequences in GenBank were those of Sarcocystis sp. obtained from the brains of chickens, i.e. 99.9–100%, 98.1–98.5% and 99.3% identity, respectively. The five loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1, cox1 and rpoB) showed different levels of interspecific sequence similarity with other closely related species of Sarcocystis (e.g. 99.8%, 99.0–99.2%, 89.3-89.7%, 98.5%, and 97.5%, respectively, with S. anasi). Phylogenetic analysis based on four of the loci (18S rDNA, cox1, rpoB and ITS1) revealed that S. wenzeli formed an independent clade with Sarcocystis spp. that utilize geese or ducks as intermediate hosts and canines as the known or presumed definitive host.Conclusions: To our knowledge, the sequences of 28S rDNA and rpoB reported here constitute the first records of genetic markers of Sarcocystis spp. in chickens. Based on molecular analysis, S. wenzeli might be responsible for the neurological disease in chickens, and ITS1 and rpoB are more suitable for discriminating it from closely related Sarcocystis spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. wenzeli presents a close relationship with Sarcocystis spp. in geese or ducks.

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A new species of the genus Oxymycterus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the vanishing Yungas of Argentina

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1911.1.2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1911 (1) ◽

pp. 31-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. PABLO JAYAT ◽

GUILLERMO D’ELÍA ◽

ULYSES F. J. PARDIÑAS ◽

M. DANIELA MIOTTI ◽

PABLO E. ORTIZ

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

White Spot ◽

Advanced Level ◽

Northwestern Argentina ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

A New Species

Morphological and molecular studies allowed us to recognize a new species of Oxymycterus from the southern end of the Yungas of Argentina. External morphologic traits allow the new species, Oxymycterus wayku, to be differentiated from O. paramensis and O. akodontius, the two currently recognized species for northwestern Argentina, as well as from the remaining species of the genus. Those traits include very dark general coloration, ears covered with nearly black hairs, a white spot on the chin, and claws on fore and hind feet long and robust. Cranial characteristics of the new species include wide and relatively shallow zygomatic notches, proportionally short incisive foramina and molar series, and a relatively robust braincase compared to O. paramensis. Phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome b DNA sequences corroborates the distinctiveness of Oxymycterus wayku n. sp. Observed divergence values support this distinction. This new species is particularly important from a conservation viewpoint due to its rarity and the advanced level of alteration of its habitat.

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