Contrasted response to climate change of winter and spring grain legumes in southwestern France

The interim constitution of Nepal has mentioned “food sovereignty as fundamental right in its constituents 18.3". However, Nepal is experiencing decline in food security situation due to collision of domestic, national and international crises viz. poor agricultural growth, declined national agricultural priority, global climate change, global food crisis, and political instability. There is domination of small and marginal holders in Nepalese agriculture. Although the share of agriculture in country’s GDP is decreasing, it is still 33%, and the highest among the South Asian countries. Cereals are the most important staple food crops in Nepal and rice number one from area and production followed by maize, wheat, millets and barley. The grain-legumes and potatoes are considered the protective food crops for the maintenance of balance human nutrition in Nepal. Out of 88 countries, Nepal ranked 57th in Global Hunger Index (GHI) with GHI value of 19.8 depicting alarming situation of hunger in different regions of the country. Since the III Five year plan (1975- 80), the government of Nepal has given high priority in agriculture, focusing major approaches on promotion of integrated farming systems to address food and nutrition security. However, the food security situation is deteriorating. Adaptive measures on climate change, food distribution policy, crop and livestock insurance, subsidies on fertilizers and seeds, research and development activities on food-grain crops and bio-diversity conservation, inter agency coordination, food and seed buffer stock, and institutional capacity building would the viable options to maintain the food security in Nepal. From the rigorous study of various past research works, it can be concluded that the wider gap of several food grain crops can be reduced by system research, crop modelling, and up-scaling the use of agricultural machineries and tools. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 42-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.8985

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Pest Management in Grain Legumes and Climate Change

Climate Change and Management of Cool Season Grain Legume Crops ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-3709-1_7 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 115-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H.C. Sharma ◽

C.P. Srivastava ◽

C. Durairaj ◽

C.L.L. Gowda

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pest Management ◽

Grain Legumes

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GRAIN RESOURCES IN UKRAINE: THE CURRENT STATE AND THE PROSPECTS OF USE

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

Hanna Pantsyreva

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

The State ◽

Scientific Article ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Leguminous Crops

The analysis of literary sources revealed the problems of the development of organic agriculture, the development of environmentally friendly technologies for growing leguminous crops, the expansion of areas of cultivation of high-protein legumes and the study of their impact on soil fertility, improvement of its condition and conservation in general in the face of climate change. Grain legumes, as well as cereals, have been found to be a staple food for most of the world's population, especially in developing countries. In Ukraine, crop data have become strategic and important by overcoming the problem of providing the animal feed to the feed protein. They cover 16% of humanity's need for protein. The reserves of increasing the efficiency of using modern varieties of leguminous crops, aimed at increasing their yield and quality, saving material and technical and energy resources, have been evaluated. It is proved that in this plan it is important to search for selection of scientifically-proven varietal legume cultivation technology for different zones using microbiological fertilizers and growth of stimulating nature allowed for use, in order to preserve soil fertility, improve its physical and chemical properties, and stabilize its granulometric properties. Soil microbiota. The national varieties listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine as a factor of increasing competitive agriculture and adapting them to organic varietal technologies of growing leguminous crops are subject to study. The article identifies the varietal diversity of genetic support for a fundamentally new source material of leading leguminous crops. The problematic of the scientific article has a complex multidisciplinary character in the combination of adaptive farming systems and varietal cultivation technology in view of current trends in climate change. Installation and implementation are based on the problems, as well as the tasks of applied research, which is performed at the expense of the state budget fund on the theme: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing leguminous crops using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, extracurricular nutrition and physical nutrition» Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Key words: legumes, variety, technological methods, cultivation area, use cases.

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Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 723-729

Author(s):

Roslyn Gleadow ◽

Jim Hanan ◽

Alan Dorin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Computer Simulation ◽

Food Security ◽

European Countries ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Plant Insect Interactions ◽

Native Habitat ◽

Insect Pollinators ◽

Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20180113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 221-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rebecca Millington ◽

Peter M. Cox ◽

Jonathan R. Moore ◽

Gabriel Yvon-Durocher

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Diffusion Rate ◽

Individual Species ◽

Genetic Evolution ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Rapid Climate Change ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Intraspecies Competition ◽

High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

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