Genetic progress in cotton lint and yield components in Argentina

Evaluation of sowing density is an important factor for achieving maximum yields without affecting other agronomic traits. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to determinate the effect of four sowing density (62,500; 83,333; 100,000 and 142,857 pl ha−1) on yields and its components of two cotton varieties, ‘Delta Pine 16′ and ‘SN-290′ in Venezuela. The traits evaluated were lint yield, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, 100-seed weight, and fiber content. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed among genotypes, sowing density and their interactions for all traits. Sowing density was not affected by year factor. High lint yield was found in ‘SN-290′ (4216.2 kg ha−1) at 100,000 pl ha−1; and in ‘Delta Pine 16′ (3917.3 kg ha−1) at 83,333 pl ha−1. The highest sowing density (142,857 pl ha−1), decrease lint yield and yield components in the genotypes. The highest boll weight was obtained by ‘SN-290′ with 6.4 g in average. All sowing densities evaluated resulted in lint percentages above 40%. Cotton lint yield was positively correlated with all yield components. Our results indicate that highest lint yields could be obtained with sowing densities between 83,333 and 100,000 pl ha−1 depending upon varieties used across savannahs of Venezuela.

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Genetics of post-drought recovery, persistence and summer dormancy in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 1140

Author(s):

Fatemeh Pirnajmedin ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽

Behnam Hoseini ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽

Summer Dormancy ◽

Drought Recovery

The genetic basis of post-drought recovery, summer dormancy and persistence under drought stress is little investigated in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). In this study, polycross populations (half-sib genotypes) were evaluated under normal and regulated deficit irrigation for 3 years (2012–14) in the field. Irrigation was then withheld in 2015, and the genotypes were evaluated for post-drought recovery and persistence. The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation decreased forage yield, yield components, persistence and recovery. A broad range of general combining ability was observed for most of the measured traits. Moderate to high estimation of narrow-sense heritability for yield components, persistence, recovery and summer dormancy index indicated that phenotypic selection may be successful to attain genetic progress. Under deficit irrigation, flowering time was positively correlated with persistence and recovery, indicating that selection based on lateness would lead to improvement in these traits. Stable and superior families across environments were identified based on regression coefficients and principle component analysis that would be desirable in future breeding programs.

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Genetic progress in Argentine bread wheat varieties released between 1918 and 2011: Changes in physiological and numerical yield components

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 314-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Patricio Javier Lo Valvo ◽

Daniel Julio Miralles ◽

Román Augusto Serrago

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Wheat Varieties

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Source‐to‐Sink Manipulation Effects on Cotton Lint Yield and Yield Components

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600040027x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 731-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

William T. Pettigrew

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Source To Sink ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Cotton Lint Yield

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Potassium Fertilization Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Reniform Nematode Populations

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2004.0321 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 1245-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

W. T. Pettigrew ◽

W. R. Meredith ◽

L. D. Young

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Reniform Nematode ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Potassium Fertilization ◽

Cotton Lint Yield ◽

Fertilization Effects

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Contribution of Proximal and Distal Grains Within Spikelets in Relation to Yield and Yield Components in the Winter Wheat Production Region of China From 1948 to 2012

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120850 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 850

Author(s):

Fan Feng ◽

Pengfei Dang ◽

Xuan Pu ◽

Xiaoxia Wen ◽

Xiaoliang Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Grain Number ◽

Production Region ◽

Proportional Contribution ◽

The Individual

Grain number and weight within a spikelet are major yield components which determine the grain yield in wheat. The objective of this study was to explore genetic gains in grain performance within wheat spikelets at the individual grain level and its effect on grain yield and evaluate genetic progress in stem internode length and other yield-related traits. We conducted field experiments across three growing seasons in the western Yellow and Huai Valley of China; incorporating 17 bread wheat cultivars released from 1948 to 2012. Yields were significantly correlated with year of release. Yield gains equated to 3.95 g m−2 yr−1 in response to increases in total grain weight per m2 (GW) in proximal (G1 and G2) and distal (G3 and G4) grains, despite a decline in the proportional contribution of proximal grains to yield and increase in the proportional contribution of distal grains to yield with year of release. Grain number per m2 (GN), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and harvest index (HI) increased with year of release, but plant height decreased. Both grain number per spikelet of proximal and distal grain contributed to the increase in total GN. However, the contribution ratio of GN in proximal grains to total GN declined, and the proportion in distal grains increased. Average single grain weight (SGW) increased linearly at G1, G2, G3, and G4 with year of release and contributed to the increase in TGW. The G3 and G4 grain positions had much lower individual grain weights but increased at a faster rate than G1 and G2. At G1, G2, and G3 grain positions, from bottom to top spikelets, the newly released cultivars had the heaviest grains and the old cultivars had the lightest grains. New cultivars had more spikelets than old cultivars and the number of grains (proximal and distal grains) in the apical spike increased with year of release. The length of five internodes decreased significantly with year of release, more so in the upper than lower internodes, all of which contributed to the decline in plant height. In summary, increasing the number and weight of distal grains could increase grain yield, TGW, and GN.

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Nitrogen-fertiliser application effects on cotton lint percentage, seed size, and seed oil and protein concentrations

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 831

Author(s):

Ian J. Rochester ◽

G. A. Constable

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Lint Percentage ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Seed Protein Concentration ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Fertiliser Application

In order to develop a better understanding of some yield components, the response of three modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to increasing nitrogen (N) fertiliser application was assessed for lint percentage (LP) and seed weight, as well as seed protein and oil concentrations. Application of N fertiliser led to decreased LP in all three cultivars (by 1.5 percentage points), even if the N-fertiliser rate was above the optimum rate. There was a strong negative correlation between LP and seed mass because seed mass is a component of LP. Seed protein concentration increased, and seed oil concentration decreased, with increasing N fertiliser application. Seed germination was improved in seeds with higher oil concentration; therefore, seed produced with high N fertiliser had reduced seed vigour. It was concluded that little scope exists for further lint-yield increase via LP. For cultivars with small seeds, an integrated system across seed production and crop agronomy can achieve satisfactory seed vigour in the field while also achieving high commercial yields. Future improvements in yield will come from alternative and more complex yield components such as growth habit.

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