Testing a hypothesis of the relationship between productivity and water use efficiency in Patagonian forests with native and exotic species

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 3281-3287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gyenge ◽  
María Elena Fernández ◽  
Mauro Sarasola ◽  
Tomás Schlichter
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

Discrimination in Carbon Isotopes of Leaves Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Field-Grown Peanut Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

scholarly journals Drought Enhances the Role of Competition in Mediating the Relationship between Tree Growth and Climate in Semi-Arid Areas of Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanglong Lu ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Cankun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxue Dong ◽  
Changming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Climate variability can exert a powerful impact on biotic competition, but past studies have focused largely on short-lived species, with a lack of attention to long-lived species such as trees. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate how competition regulates the climate-growth relationship in mature trees. We sampled the dominant tree species, Picea wilsonii Mast., on Xinglong Mountain, China, and studied the above issues by analyzing the relationship between tree radial growth, precipitation, and competition. In relatively wet years (precipitation > average), there was no significant difference in climate sensitivity between different competition classes. However, trees suffering from highly competitive stress were more sensitive to climate variability in all years, and particularly in the subset of years that was relatively drought (precipitation < average). These results suggest that competition enhances its ability to regulate tree growth response to climate variability in adverse weather conditions. Competition for resources between trees was asymmetrical, and an increase in height could give trees a disproportionate benefit. Thus, at trunk-level, both basal area incremental growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of trees subjected to low competitive stress were significantly higher than trees that are subjected to highly competitive stress. Although the intrinsic water-use efficiency of trees under highly competitive stress increased more rapidly as the drought level increases, this did not change the fact that the radial growth of them declined more. Our research is valuable for the development of individual-tree growth models and advances our understanding for forest management under global climate change.

Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination, water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency for dryland wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Condon ◽  
RA Richards ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon isotope discrimination (-) has been shown to be negatively correlated with water use efficiency for wheat cultivars grown in the glasshouse. In the field this negative correlation has been confirmed for peanut but it has yet to be confirmed for wheat. Indeed, several field studies on wheat have shown positive (rather than negative) relationships between dry matter production and -. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between - and water use efficiency for wheat grown in a dryland environment characterized by winterlspring-dominant rainfall and terminal drought. Eight genotypes chosen to give a range in - of c. 2.0x10-3 were grown on a red earth at Moombooldool in the Riverina region of New South Wales. Water use and above-ground dry matter (DM) were measured over the course of the season. Water use was partitioned into transpiration and soil evaporation and values of crop water use efficiency (WET) and transpiration efficiency ( WT) calculated. To account for the effect on WT of seasonal changes in the vapour pressure deficit of the air (D), crop coefficients (k) were derived by multiplying WT by the transpiration-weighted average daytime value of D for each genotype. During the preanthesis period, when there was little limitation of soil water supply on growth, there was a positive relationship between DM and -, as observed previously. The relationship between WET and - also had a positive (though non-significant) trend, but the relationship between k and - was negative, i.e. once the effects of variation in the ratio T/ET and seasonal changes in D were accounted for, the negative correlation between water use efficiency and - re-emerged. This apparent conflict between WET and k arose because genotypes with high - values developed their leaf area faster, with two important consequences. First, high - genotypes transpired more of their water supply during the winter when D was low and the exchange of water for CO2 more efficient. Second, transpiration made up a greater proportion of total water use by high - genotypes. The relationship between water use efficiency and - was further complicated as the crops depleted the soil water store after anthesis. During this period DM production tended to be greater in low - genotypes that had conserved soil water in the preanthesis period. However, DM production also remained high for two high - genotypes. The cause of this variation in post-anthesis growth among high - genotypes was not established.

The relationship between cotton canopy temperature and yield, fibre quality and water-use efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Conaty ◽  
James R. Mahan ◽  
James E. Neilsen ◽  
Daniel K.Y. Tan ◽  
Stephen J. Yeates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The relationship between the soil water storage and water-use efficiency of seven energy crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Podlaski ◽  
S. Pietkiewicz ◽  
D. Choluj ◽  
T. Horaczek ◽  
G. Wisniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Carbon Isotope Discrimination as a Selection Tool of Perennial Fodder Species for Temporary Pastures

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nicusor Flavius SIMA ◽  
Rodica Maria SIMA ◽  
Stela CUNA ◽  
Gabriela CRISTEA ◽  
Valentin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Estimation of the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in perennial fodder plants and various factors such as climate, fertilization and soil could contribute to a better selection and/or improvement of genotype of fodder species. Theoretical models of carbon isotope discrimination in plants indicate a linear relationship between Δ13C and CO2 partial pressures ratio (pi/pa) from the intercellular spaces (pi) of CO2 in leaves and from the atmosphere (pa). It is also known that between pi parameter and water-use efficiency (WUE) there is a negative correlation. Eight perennial fodder legume and grass mixtures were cultivated on three levels of fertilization in order to assess mixtures for pastures that can provide sustainable quantitative and qualitative yields. The species, which composed the mixtures, were also cultivated as pure crops on the same fertilization conditions. The results of this study indicated that in five of the six species, which composed the mixture with the highest yield, pi/pa values decreased while fertilization doses increased, most likely as a result of variation in water-use efficiency.

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