Is deer herbivory directly proportional to deer population density? Comparison of deer feeding frequencies among six forests with different deer density

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Koda ◽  
Noboru Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Deer Herbivory ◽  
Deer Density

Model gospodarowania populacją jelenia europejskiego Cervus elaphus L. w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym i na Wyspie Wolin

2018 ◽  
Vol XI ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Adam Mohr ◽  
Antoni Przybylski ◽  
Małgorzata Zimnicka – Pluskota ◽  
Damian Spieczyński
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Model Population ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Age And Sex

The paper presents the current methods of management and environmental conditions of the functioning of red deer population on the Wolin Island. The inventory carried out in 2014 using the drive census method revealed the prevalence of stags in the population (0.86 hinds/1stag) and the population density of 225 individuals/1,000 hectares of the forest, whereas harvest conducted in this season showed merely 22 individuals/1,000 hectares. In the analysed seasons before the inventory, harvest was also low (about 10% of the probable actual state) and despite harvesting mainly hinds, it did not curb the population growth. In the years 2006 – 2014, the yearly harvest in the largest hunting district fluctuated within the range of 14.5 to 60.5, x̅=27.0 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9), while in the remaining four smaller population management units, the average yearly harvest amounted to only 0.2 to 9.8 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9). The realized rate of population growth determined by the method of summer deer observation in 2015 amounted to 42.2% of the hinds number. Applying the simulation of the model population meeting the parameters indicated in the inventory, the researchers calculated and proposed the optimal indicators of harvesting individual age and sex groups. The proposed model of hunting monitoring and management assumes optimization of environmental conditions, structure and size of the actual population within the next 10 years.

Influence of white-tailed deer population density on vegetation standing crop in a semiarid environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L. Crider ◽  
Timothy E. Fulbright ◽  
David G. Hewitt ◽  
Charles A. Deyoung ◽  
Eric D. Grahmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Deer Population

scholarly journals Assessment of a daily defecation rate of fallow deer upon a closed population study

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Košnář ◽  
Romana Rajnyšová
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Defecation Rate ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Precise Knowledge

Many indirect methods of counting even-toed ungulates are based on the principle of accumulating dung in a known area per a unit of time. In order to provide the most accurate assessment of the population size, these methods require the knowledge of daily defecation of the monitored species. The main objective of the study submitted is the assessment of a daily defecation rate of fallow deer based on the monitoring of its closed population. A partial objective is the assessment of the distribution of fallow deer in an enclosed area with a view to biotopes represented. A fallow deer population was studied for the period of three years (2009–2011) in a fenced-in area (8 ha). During this period, dung heaps were counted in forty sites with the total area of 0.8 ha in all seasons of the year. In each season, the sites were cleared, and the dung was counted after a seven-day exposure. This counting was performed twice in each season. Thanks to the precise knowledge of the number of monitored animals, daily defecation rates (DDR) were derived upon the dung found, using a formula for the calculation of population density. Subsequently, the determined DDRs were verified by direct observation. The highest average DDR value calculated from the formula (21.11 ± 0.32 S.E.) was obtained in the summer season. The lowest defecation of fallow deer was established to be in winter (12.34 ± 0.25 S.E.) and early spring (10.61 ± 0.24 S.E.).

scholarly journals Spatial Estimation of Sika Deer Population Density Distribution

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kondoh ◽  
Koichi Ikeda ◽  
Toru Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Spatial Estimation ◽  
Deer Population

scholarly journals Browsing Patterns of White-Tailed Deer Following Increased Timber Harvest and a Decline in Population Density

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Crimmins ◽  
John W. Edwards ◽  
W. Mark Ford ◽  
Patrick D. Keyser ◽  
James M. Crum
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Central Appalachians ◽  
A Site

We examined browsing patterns of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a site in the central Appalachians that experienced a substantial (>50%) reduction in deer population density and an increase in the amount of timber harvest since 2001. We sampled woody browse in and immediately adjacent to 12 clearcuts ranging in age from 0–5 years postharvest in summer 2007. Clearcut-interior areas had higher woody browse abundance and browsing rates than clearcut-edge or mature forest areas. Woody browse abundance was slightly higher within individual clearcuts than in 2001 at higher population densities and lower timber harvest rates. Overall browsing rates declined from approximately 17% in 2001 to less than 5% during our study, suggesting that the combination of deer population control, and increasing the amount of timber harvest across the landscape can reduce herbivory to levels that may not impede growth and survival of forest vegetation.

scholarly journals Wildlife and forest management measures significantly impact red deer population density

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Stergar ◽  
Klemen Jerina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Management Measures

Jelen obični (Cervus elaphus L.) je u mnogim dijelovima svijeta važna ekološka vrsta i popularna divljač, te kao takva ima značajan izravan utjecaj na čovjeka. Istovremeno može imati štetne posljedice na okoliš, posebice na šumarstvo. Težina ovih posljedica ovisi o gustoći populacija jelena običnog, što zauzvrat u značajnom stupnju ovisi o kvaliteti staništa i prijašnjem upravljanju ovom vrstom. Oba čimbenika snažno odražavaju ljudske utjecaje. Ovo istraživanje proučava utjecaje određenih okolišnih i povijesnih čimbenika, posebice onih antropogenih, na raširenost i lokalne gustoće populacija jelena običnog. Područje istraživanja je Slovenija, zemljopisno, klimatski i krajobrazno izuzetno raznovrsna država. Jelen obični je u povijesti istrijebljen i reintroduciran prije 100 godina na nekoliko mjesta, a također je i spontano imigrirao iz Mađarske (Slika 1). Danas je proširen na 60% površine države, ali nije još dosegao sva pogodna staništa zbog sporog širenja. Analiza je obuhvatila nezavisne varijable širokog raspona okolišnih varijabli i varijable “troškovna udaljenost”, koja prikazuje “težinu” disperzije jelena običnog od mjesta reintrodukcije, odnosno imigracije. Procjene lokalnih gustoća jelena običnog (zavisna varijabla) su dobivene pomoću dvije metode: podaci o izvršenim odstrjelnim kvotama i metodom brojanja izmeta. Vrijednosti varijabli su pripremljene na relativno finoj prostornoj rezoluciji (imajući na umu površinu cijelog područja) od 1 km2. U skladu s teorijom o višestrukom izboru staništa, zavisnost jelena običnog o okolišu je analizirana na dvije razine: 1) globalni doseg jelena običnog (nazočnost/nenazočnost) i 2) gustoće lokalnih populacija unutar područja raširenosti. Na obje razine je provedena bivarijatna (korelacija) i multivarijatna (regresija) analiza. Nazočnost jelena običnog je najvjerojatnija u blizini mjesta reintrodukcije, odnosno imigracije, što ističe važnost varijable “troškovna udaljenost”, te u velikim šumskim kompleksima, što ukazuje na pozitivan utjecaj udjela šume i veličinu šumske plohe te negativan utjecaj gustoće ruba šume (Tablica 1, Tablica 2). Ove varijable također utječu na gustoću populacije, koja raste s padom udaljenosti od hranilišta i pozitivno je vezana s udjelom sastojina u kojima dominira obična smreka. Korelacija također ukazuje na pozitivnu ovisnost s udjelom mladih sastojina (Tablica 1, Tablica 3). Troškovna udaljenost od mjesta reintrodukcije te udio i kontinuitet šume prikazuje ljudske intervencije u povijesti (nekadašnje upravljanje jelenom običnim i korištenje prostora od strane čovjeka). Poznavanje utjecaja ovih čimbenika na jelena običnog je stoga važno za razumijevanje prošlosti i predviđanje buduće dinamike populacije. Stanište jelena običnog u Sloveniji još uvijek nije u potpunosti nastanjeno i širenje se nastavlja. Stoga se očekuje kontinuirano širenje jelena običnog, imajući na umu da brzina ovisi o načinima upravljanja prostorom. Stanje je slično i u većini drugih europskih zemalja. Još je važnije poznavati utjecaje mjera u današnjem lovstvu i šumarstvu koje, mogu biti prilagođene s ciljem postizanja željenih utjecaja. Neke ustaljene prakse upravljanja često ostvaruju utjecaje suprotne željenima,i u budućnosti bi trebale biti ponovno razmatrane. U budućnosti bi više pozornosti trebalo posvetiti izboru mjesta na kojem bi se postavila hranilišta za jelensku divljač, a na nekim područjima bi se intenzitet prihranjivanja jelenske divljači trebao reducirati. Udio mladih stabala u šumama Slovenije je prenizak; stoga bi ili trebalo proširiti područja obnove šumskih sastojina ili osnovati krmne površine za divljač (remize). Upravljanje odnosima između šume i divljači zahtjeva suradnju djelatnika u lovstvu i djelatnika u šumarstvu. Metoda primijenjena u našem istraživanju također bi mogla biti korištena za poboljšanje bonitiranja lovišta za jelensku divljač, jer su procjene utjecaja pojedinih okolišnih čimbenika na kvalitetu staništa jelena običnog temeljene na kvantitativnoj analizi.

Among-year variation in deer population density index estimated from road count surveys

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inoue Mizuki ◽  
Shota Sakaguchi ◽  
Keitaro Fukushima ◽  
Masaru Sakai ◽  
Atsushi Takayanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Count Surveys

The co-occurrence of moose, white-tailed deer, and Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in Ontario

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Whitlaw ◽  
Murray W. Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deer Density ◽  
Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
Trend Data

Moose (Alces alces) populations were studied in parts of Ontario where they cohabit with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. Trend data on changes in cervid numbers for the period 1980–1992, current population density estimates, and records of moose sickness were obtained from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources managers; presence and abundance of P. tenuis were determined by examining winter deer feces for dorsal-spined larvae. Moose and deer coexist in 45 of 83 Ontario Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) surveyed and have persisted there for at least the past 12 years. Cervid populations in most of these WMUs are presently believed to be stable or increasing. Moose density was inversely related to deer density and was greatest where the latter was <4/km2. In addition, moose densities were lowest in areas with the highest mean intensity of P. tenuis larvae in deer feces. Nonetheless, the documented persistence of moose in numerous areas with infected deer, and case studies of recent moose declines, suggest that the effect of this parasite on moose populations is more subtle than was previously believed, and further study is required to separate and measure its importance relative to other mortality factors known to act on moose populations.

Individuals and populations: the effects of social behaviour on population dynamics in deer

1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H Clutton-Brock ◽  
F. E Guinness ◽  
S. D Albon
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Competitive Disadvantage ◽  
Human Predation

SynopsisIn the red deer population of the Isle of Rhum, the effects of increasing population density on reproduction and survival vary with the individual's sex, age. reproductive status, home-range quality, group size and social rank. Males are generally more strongly influenced than females. Within both sexes, individuals that are at an initial competitive disadvantage are generally most strongly influenced by rising density.These differences are likeh to have far-reaching consequences. In particular, they may help to explain why dense deer populations commonly have female biased adult sex ratios: why calculations of maximum sustainable yield commonh overestimate the number of animals that can be culled; and why some populations that are not subiect to animal or human predation stabilize while others oscillate.

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