The millennium shift: Investigating the relationship between environment and growth trends of Norway spruce and Scots pine in northern Europe

Abstract. Impacts of soil moisture on de novo monoterpene (MT) emissions from Holm oak, European beech, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were studied in laboratory experiments. The volumetric water content of the soil, Θ, was used as the reference quantity to parameterize the dependency of MT emissions on soil moisture and to characterize the severity of the drought. When Θ dropped from 0.4 m3 × m−3 to ~0.2 m3 × m−3 slight increases of de novo MT emissions were observed but with further progressing drought the emissions decreased to almost zero. In most cases the increases of MT emissions observed under conditions of mild drought were explainable by increases of leaf temperature due to lowered transpirational cooling. When Θ fell below certain thresholds, MT emissions decreased simultaneously with Θ and the relationship between Θ and MT emissions was approximately linear. The thresholds of Θ (0.044–0.19 m3 × m−3) were determined, as well as other parameters required to describe the soil moisture dependence of de novo MT emissions for application in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, MEGAN. A factorial approach was found appropriate to describe the impacts of Θ, temperature, and light. Temperature and Θ influenced the emissions largely independently from each other, and, in a similar manner, light intensity and Θ acted independently on de novo MT emissions. The use of Θ as the reference quantity in a factorial approach was tenable in predicting constitutive de novo MT emissions when Θ changed on a time scale of days. Empirical parameterization with Θ as a reference was only unsuccessful when soil moisture changed rapidly

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The relationship between the Scots pine and Norway spruce plants safety and the genetic diversity level on main quantitative characteristics

Proceedings of the Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute ◽

10.21178/2079-6080.2019.3.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A.S. Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

The Relationship ◽

Genetic Diversity Level

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Comparison of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) stem shape by means of geometrical methods

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4516-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 337-347

Author(s):

M. Křepela ◽

R. Petráš

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Principal Components ◽

Tree Species ◽

European Larch ◽

Inflection Points ◽

Sample Test ◽

Coniferous Tree Species ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stem Shape

In this article the stem shape is compared in three coniferous tree species: Norway spruce, Scots pine and European larch. Stem is investigated by means of geometrical methods. Simplified Bookstein coordinates (stem shape diameters) and Procrustes coordinates were used for variability investigation. The material, originating from the Czech and Slovak territories, involved in total 3,346 spruce stems, 3,082 pine stems and 1,403 larch stems. The accordance of mean stem vectors was assessed by means of Hotelling’s T<sup>2</sup> two-sample test. For stem shape diameters and Procrustes tangent coordinates, the variability was examined using the method of principal components analysis. The three most important principal components were diagrammatized and described. The relationship between the stem shape and its size was also investigated, and inflection points of morphological stem curve were described for all three tree species.

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Patterns of mast fruiting of common beech, sessile and common oak, Norway spruce and Scots pine in Central and Northern Europe

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 363 ◽

pp. 237-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anita Nussbaumer ◽

Peter Waldner ◽

Sophia Etzold ◽

Arthur Gessler ◽

Sue Benham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Common Beech ◽

Mast Fruiting ◽

Common Oak

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Site carrying capacity of Norway spruce and Scots pine stands has increased in Germany and northern Europe

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 492 ◽

pp. 119214

Author(s):

Harri Mäkinen ◽

Helena M. Henttonen ◽

Ulrich Kohnle ◽

Christian Kuehne ◽

Pekka Nöjd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

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Impacts of soil moisture on de-novo monoterpene emissions from European beech, Holm oak, Scots pine, and Norway spruce

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-12985-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 12985-13027

Author(s):

C. Wu ◽

I. Pullinen ◽

S. Andres ◽

G. Carriero ◽

S. Fares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

De Novo ◽

European Beech ◽

Holm Oak ◽

Factorial Approach ◽

Moisture Dependence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mild Drought

Abstract. Impacts of soil moisture on de-novo monoterpene (MT) emissions from Holm oak, European beech, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were studied in laboratory experiments. The volumetric water content of the soil, Θ, was used as reference quantity to parameterize the dependency of MT emissions on soil moisture and to characterize the severity of the drought. When Θ dropped from 0.4 m3 m−3 to ~ 0.2 m3 m−3 slight increases of de-novo MT emissions were observed but with further progressing drought the emissions decreased to almost zero. The increases of MT emissions observed under conditions of mild drought were explainable by increases of leaf temperature due to lowered transpirational cooling. When Θ fell below certain thresholds, MT emissions decreased simultaneously with Θ and the relationship between Θ and MT emissions was approximately linear. The thresholds of Θ (0.044–0.19 m3 m−3) were determined as well other parameters required to describe the soil moisture dependence of de-novo MT emissions for application in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, MEGAN. A factorial approach was found appropriate to describe the impacts of Θ, temperature, and light. Temperature and Θ influenced the emissions largely independent from each other, and, in a similar manner, light intensity and Θ acted independently on de-novo MT emissions. The use of Θ as reference quantity in a factorial approach was tenable in predicting constitutive de-novo MT emissions when Θ changed on a time scale of days. Only when soil moisture changed suddenly empirical parameterization with Θ as a reference was unsuccessful.

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Tree species impact on understory vegetation: Vascular plant communities of Scots pine and Norway spruce managed stands in northern Europe

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2019.06.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 448 ◽

pp. 330-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lisa Petersson ◽

Emma Holmström ◽

Matts Lindbladh ◽

Adam Felton

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Species ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Understory Vegetation ◽

Northern Europe

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Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 943

Author(s):

Katri Nissinen ◽

Virpi Virjamo ◽

Antti Kilpeläinen ◽

Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽

Laura Pikkarainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Growing Season ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Simulated Climate ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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