Effects of selective logging, fragmentation, and dominance of bamboos on the structure and diversity of Araucaria Forest fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 118961
Author(s):  
Dieter Liebsch ◽  
Santiago José Elías Velazco ◽  
Sandra Bos Mikich ◽  
Marcia C.M. Marques ◽  
Franklin Galvão
FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Silvana Manfredi ◽  
Juliano Pereira Gomes ◽  
Paula Iaschitzki Ferreira ◽  
Roseli Lopes da Costa Bortoluzzi ◽  
Adelar Mantovani

A busca do conhecimento sobre a expansão das florestas em relação aos ecossistemas associados (campestre e banhado) aborda a presença de fatores ambientais como o fogo e o pastejo, frequentemente descritos como determinantes dos processos ecológicos favoráveis à dinâmica sucessional. Dessa forma, objetivou-se verificar se existem diferenças na composição florística do interior de fragmentos florestais e entre setores de transição floresta-campo e floresta-banhado, bem como identificar espécies indicadoras para cada um desses ambientes. O estudo foi realizado em fragmentos florestais situados nos municípios de Bom Jardim da Serra e Lages (Coxilha Rica), onde foram instaladas duas parcelas permanentes de 50x50 m, subdivididas em setores de 10x10 m, categorizados em três setores: Floresta Ombrófila Mista, transição floresta x campo e transição floresta x banhado. Há dissimilaridade florística entre os fragmentos florestais dos locais e, também, entre os setores de transição (ecótonos). As espécies indicadoras dos ecótonos estão vinculadas ao estágio inicial da sucessão florestal, apresentando potencial para colonização do campo, podendo atuar no início do processo de expansão da fronteira florestal.AbstractFloristic dissimilarity and indicator species of Araucaria Forest and ecotones. The search for knowledge about the expansion of forests in relation to associated ecosystems (native grassland and wetland) addresses the presence of environmental factors such as fire and grazing, often described as determinants of ecological processes in favor of succession dynamics. The objective here was to verify if there are differences among the floristic composition of the interior of forest fragments and transition sectors of forest-native grassland and forest-wetland, as well as to identify indicator species for each of these environments. The research was conducted in forest fragments located in the municipalities of Bom Jardim da Serra and Lages (Coxilha Rica), SC, where we installed two permanent plots of 50x50 m, subdivided into sectors of 10x10 m categorized into three sectors: Araucaria Forest, forest transition x native grassland and forest x wetland transition. There is floristic dissimilarity between the local forest fragments and also between the transition areas (ecotones). The indicator species of ecotones are linked to early stages of forest succession, with potential for colonization of the field, they can operate in the start of the expansion of the forest boundary process.Keywords: Araucaria Forest; native grassland; wetland; succession.


FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Baladelli Ribeiro ◽  
Marília Borgo ◽  
Leila Teresinha Maranho

 A conservação de fragmentos florestais é extremamente necessária para garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade, além de assegurar o armazenamento de carbono contido na biomassa e nos solos. O município de Curitiba (PR, Brasil) possui 52 áreas protegidas municipais com remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) em diferentes estágios de conservação, as quais contribuem para a manutenção da biodiversidade, melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores e também auxiliam na mitigação das mudanças climáticas, pois estocam grandes quantidades de carbono nos diversos componentes florestais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a importância dos fragmentos florestais de Curitiba na manutenção dos estoques de carbono de forma associada à sua importância para a preservação da biodiversidade, o que pode servir de incentivo para o investimento público nessas áreas e de estímulo a outros municípios para a criação e manutenção de UCs. O estoque de carbono contido nos remanescentes florestais do município (1.159.259,60 t C) reforça a importância da conservação de remanescentes de vegetação nativa, ainda que em meio ao ambiente urbano.Palavras-chave: Carbono; desmatamento evitado; Floresta com Araucária; áreas verdes urbanas. AbstractProtected Areas in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, as carbon sinks.Conservation of forest’s fragments is extremely necessary to ensure maintenance of biodiversity and storage of carbon. There are currently 52 protected areas (PAs) in Curitiba municipality, located in Parana State – Brazil, with remnants of Araucaria Forest at different stages of conservation contributing to maintenance of biodiversity, improving quality of life of residents and also assisting in prevention of climate change as the aforementioned areas store large amounts of carbon in a range of forest components. In 2009, Curitiba conducted a research to estimate the carbon stock of forest fragments. The present research was carried out in order to evaluate the importance of these fragments in the maintenance of carbon stocks, associated to the preservation of biodiversity, which may be an incentive for public investment in these areas and encouragement to other municipalities for the creation and maintenance of PAs. Based on available information on the carbon contained in forest remnants of the city, it was identified that the total of those areas involves a stock of 1,159,259.60 t C, which reinforces the importance of maintaining native vegetation even in urban environment. Keywords: Carbon; deforestation prevention; Araucaria Forest; urban protected areas.


Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Mailson Roik ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Tiago Grespan ◽  
Thiago Floriani Stepka ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de Miranda

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as alterações na composição florística e estrutura horizontal em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado na Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Irati, Paraná, Brasil, assim como compará-lo quanto à florística e estrutura de outros fragmentos florestais localizados em FLONAs da região sul do país. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito maior ou igual a 10 cm (DAP ≥ 10 cm) foram identificados e mensurados ao longo de nove anos. A floresta apresentou elevada riqueza de espécies ao longo do período de monitoramento e pequenas alterações em relação a sua composição florística e estrutura horizontal. As divergências florístico-estruturais entre os fragmentos utilizados para comparação com o presente estudo se devem principalmente à grande heterogeneidade intrínseca a esta fitofisionomia, como também ao aumento da dissimilaridade em função do distanciamento geográfico.Palavras-chave: análise multivariada; composição florística; fitossociologia; Floresta com Araucária. DYNAMICS OF FLORISTIC AND HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE IN A FRAGMENT OF MONTANE MIXED OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to analyze the changes on the floristic composition and horizontal structure in an Araucaria Forest fragment, located in the Irati National Forest (FLONA), Paraná State, Brazil, as well as comparing it to the floristic and structure of other forest fragments located in FLONAs of the southern region of the country. All the individuals with diameter at breast height equal or larger than 10 cm (DBH ≥ 10 cm) were identified and measured for nine years. The forest presented a high number of species during the monitoring period and few changes in floristic composition and horizontal structure. The floristic-structural divergences among the fragments used for comparison with the present study are mainly due to the great heterogeneity intrinsic to this phytophysiognomy, as well as to the increase of dissimilarity due to geographic distance.Keywords: Araucaria forest; floristic composition; multivariate analysis; phytosociology.


2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Mallmann ◽  
V. L. Silva ◽  
R. K. Port ◽  
F. B. Oliveira ◽  
J. L. Schmitt

Abstract Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. (Dicksoniaceae) is target of extractive exploitation and is threatened with extinction. We analyzed the population structure, the spatial distribution pattern of D. sellowiana and its relationship with environmental parameters within three fragments of Araucaria Forest in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The fragments are of different sizes, namely, large (H1LF) with 246 ha, medium (H2MF) with 57 ha and small (H3SF) with 5.2 ha. Within each site, 1 ha was delimited, divided into 100 subplots (100 m2), of which 20 were selected with a draw. In each subplot, counting of the individuals, the registration of the caudice height and the coverage of leaves (SC) (m2), measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), canopy opening degree (CO), soil moisture (SM) and litter thickness (LT). The temperature (T) was measured inside each site. A total of 792 plants were sampled, of which 551 were concentrated in H1LF, 108 in H2MF and 133 in H3SF. An average of 1320 ha-1 individuals were estimated. Of the total including the three fragments, 96.9% of the individuals are in the first class of height (up to 0.8 m), indicating a great potential of population development. The spatial distribution pattern (AI) was aggregated in the three populations and the plants presented a heterogeneous total coverage, between 4.73 m2 (H2MF) and 2,223.47 m2 (H1LF). The highest values of SC and SM were more related to the distribution of individuals in H1LF whereas the opposite was recorded in H2MF. The highest values of PAR, LT and CO correlated with the distribution of D. sellowiana in H3SF. In addition to revealing that the H1LF population is among the most dense in southern Brazil, the results demonstrated a significant structural distinction between the interior populations of the fragments, in spite of them being located near to one another and being part of the same natural field matrix.


2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Cavasini ◽  
MLT Buschini ◽  
LPB Machado ◽  
RP Mateus

Flies from the Drosophilidae family are model organisms for biological studies and are often suggested as bioindicators of environmental quality. The Araucaria Forest, one of Atlantic Forest phyto-physiognomy, displays a highly fragmented distribution due to the expansion of agriculture and urbanization. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate and compare the drosophilid assemblages from two highland Araucaria Forest fragments, one a conservation unit (PMA – Parque Municipal das Araucárias) and the other a private property without any conservational policy (FBL – Fazenda Brandalise), in space and time, using species abundances and richness, ecological indexes and Neotropical and exotic species proportions as parameters to establish the level of environmental quality of these fragments. Our results showed that the observed diversity in PMA (H′ = 2.221) was approximately 40% higher than in FBL (H′ = 1.592). This could be due to higher preservation quality and habitat diversity in PMA, indicating the importance of conservation units. However, richness were similar for these areas, with PMA (Dmg = 6.602) only 8% higher than FBL (Dmg = 6.128), which suggest that the larger distance from city limits and the larger size of FBL forested area could be compensating the higher disturbance caused by antrophic extractive exploitation of this fragment. This points out that, besides the quality of presevertion, the size and/or connection with other fragments should be considered for areas destined for biodiversity conservation. In general, both areas presented similar drosophilid assemblages, and the expressive abundance of both Neotropical species (mostly of the subgroup willistoni) and the exotic species D. kikkawai suggests that these areas are in intermediate stages of conservation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Higuchi ◽  
Ana Carolina da Silva ◽  
Tiago Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Sheila Trierveiler de Souza ◽  
Juliano Pereira Gomes ◽  
...  

FLORESTA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS ROBERTO SANQUETTA

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de simulação para o manejo sustentável de Florestas Naturais de Araucária. Para validar o modelo foram utilizados dados advindos de três parcelas permanentes de um hectare, instaladas em 1995 e remedidas anualmente, situadas na Estação Experimental de São João do Triunfo, Centro-Sul do estado do Paraná. Informações sobre taxas de recrutamento, crescimento em diâmetro e mortalidade foram empregadas para o estudo, considerando a população de árvores com DAP acima de 10 cm. O modelo de simulação fundamentou-se na metodologia de matriz de transição, a qual considera um vetor de freqüências por classe de DAP inicial., probabilidade de transição de uma classe para outra e mortalidade para cada classe de diâmetro. Dez classes foram empregadas no estudo, considerando duas populações distintas: todas as espécies em conjunto (floresta) e a araucária em separado. Simulações feitas com o modelo para avaliar efeitos de práticas de manejo na floresta. Os resultados obtidos na simulação, apesar de preliminares, indicaram que as práticas de manejo permitidas pelos órgãos ambientais precisam ser revistas. Cortes seletivos de baixa magnitude em pequenos fragmentos florestais, como os que são geralmente praticados e permitidos por lei, não favorecem a regeneração natural do pinheiro, a principal espécie dentro da estrutura da floresta. O simulador ARAUSIS, imitando o que ocorre na natureza, indicou que é necessária a existência de perturbações mais severas e abertura de grandes clareiras na floresta para promover a regeneração natural do pinheiro. ARAUSIS: simulation system for sustainable management of araucaria forests Abstract This article presents a simulation model for the sustainable management of Araucaria Natural Forests. To validate the model, data coming from three permanent plots of one hectare each were used. The plots were established in 1995 in the Experimental Station at São João do Triunfo, Paraná State, and have been remeasured annually since then to provide figures on recruitment rates, tree diameter growth and mortality for individuals over 10 cm DBH. The simulation model was based on the transition matrix method, which considers a vector of initial frequencies by DBH class, transition probabilities of a class for other, and mortality, as well. Ten classes were used in this study, considering two different populations: all the species together (forest) and araucaria in separate. Model simulations were carried out to evaluate effects of logging practices in the forest. The results from simulations, despite of being preliminary ones, indicated that the management practices allowed by the environmental official institution in Paraná need to be reviewed. Selective logging of low magnitude in small forest fragments, as those that are generally practiced and allowed by the law, do not favor the natural regeneration of araucaria, the main species occurring in the forest. ARAUSIS simulator, imitating what happens in the reality, indicated that is necessary the existence of more severe disturbances and large openings in the forest to promote the natural regeneration of araucaria.


2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Cochrane ◽  
William F. Laurance

Amazonian forests are being rapidly cleared, and the remaining forest fragments appear unusually vulnerable to fire. This occurs because forest remnants have dry, fire-prone edges, are juxtaposed with frequently burned pastures, and are often degraded by selective logging, which increases forest desiccation and fuel loading. Here we demonstrate that in eastern Amazonia, fires are operating as a large-scale edge effect in the sense that most fires originate outside fragments and penetrate considerable distances into forest interiors. Multi-temporal analyses of satellite imagery from two frontier areas reveal that fire frequency over 12-14-y periods was substantially elevated within at least 2400 m of forest margins. Application of these data with a mathematical core-area model suggests that even large forest remnants (up to several hundred thousand ha in area) could be vulnerable to edge-related fires. The synergistic interactions of forest fragmentation, logging and human-ignited fires pose critical threats to Amazonian forests, particularly in more seasonal areas of the basin.


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