Direct STR typing from human bones

ABSTRACT The excavation of a building in the village of Felanitx in the eastern part of the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) has revealed the existence of a small necropolis. The inhumations did not provide grave goods except for a bronze belt buckle for which the typological study suggests a Late Antique chronology. The stratigraphical sequence however seems to suggest a possible evolution of the space across time since some graves are cut by others. In order to obtain an absolute date for the necropolis and to verify if there are chronological differences between the graves, a total of 6 human bones samples have been 14C dated by AMS. The results of the radiocarbon dating confirm a Late Antique chronology (4th to 7th century AD) for the graves but do not suggest a chronological evolution. Despite the fact that the knowledge of the necropolis is still fragmentary, the results are extremely important because they provide an absolute date for a Late Antique necropolis in the Mallorcan rural area.

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Intra-bone nuclear DNA variability and STR typing success in Second World War first ribs

International Journal of Legal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00414-021-02681-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Božič ◽

Tajda Benedik Bevc ◽

Eva Podovšovnik ◽

Tomaž Zupanc ◽

Irena Zupanič Pajnič

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Str Typing ◽

Second World

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Nothing but hot air?—On the molecular ballistic analysis of backspatter generated by and the hazard potential of blank guns

International Journal of Legal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00414-021-02541-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Euteneuer ◽

Annica Gosch ◽

Cornelius Courts

Keyword(s):

Correct Identification ◽

Str Typing ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Biological Investigation ◽

Biological Targets ◽

Hazard Potential ◽

Hot Air ◽

Different Types ◽

Blank Cartridge ◽

Blank Cartridges

AbstractBlank cartridge guns are prevalent especially in countries with laws restricting access to conventional firearms, and it is a common misconception that these weapons are harmless and only used as toys or for intimidation. However, although their harming potential is well-documented by numerous reports of accidents, suicides, and homicides, a systematic molecular biological investigation of traces generated by shots from blank cartridges at biological targets has not been done so far. Herein, we investigate the occurrence and analyzability of backspatter generated by shots of different types of blank cartridge guns firing different types of blank ammunition at ballistic gelatin model cubes doped with human blood and radiological contrast agent soaked into a spongious matrix and covered with three different variants of skin simulants. All skin simulants were penetrated, and backspatter was created in 100% of the shots in amounts sufficient for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing that resulted in the correct identification of the respective blood donor. Visible backspatter was documented on the muzzle and/or inside the barrel in all cases, and in 75% of cases also on the outer surfaces and on the shooter’s hand(s). Wound cavities were measured and ranged between 1 and 4.5 cm in depth. Discussing our findings, we provide recommendations for finding, recovering, and analyzing trace material from blank guns, and we demonstrate the considerable hazard potential of these devices, which is further emphasized by the presentation of a comprehensive overview of the pertinent literature on injuries inflicted by blank guns.

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Assessment of QIAGEN™ Investigator® 24plex GO! kit workflow for autosomal STR profiling of forensic reference samples

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41935-020-00203-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽

Hussein Omar Khan ◽

Siti Afifah Ismail ◽

Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazim ◽

Japareng Lalung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

Dna Profiling ◽

Buccal Swab ◽

Forensic Dna ◽

Str Typing ◽

Str Analysis ◽

Dna Database ◽

Autosomal Str ◽

Dna Template ◽

Reference Samples

Abstract Background DNA profiling has proven to be a valuable technique for identification of individuals in crime. Currently, the technique targets several short tandem repeat (STR) regions in human genome. However, increasing number of samples submitted for STR analysis may lead to delays due to the limited number of experienced analysts who might be available at any given moment and the time taken to complete lengthy DNA profiling procedures. This study was conducted to test the specificity, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness of Investigator® 24plex GO! kit for genotyping of reference samples submitted to the Royal Malaysian Police Forensic DNA Laboratory for DNA database. Material and methods In this study, Investigator® 24plex GO! kit was used to directly amplify STR loci from buccal swab cell of reference samples that had previously been STR typed using GlobalFiler™ Express kit. Capillary electrophoresis was carried out on a 3500xL Genetic Analyser using POP-4® Polymer. Amplified products were assigned to particular STR alleles using the GeneMapper ID-X version 1.4 software. Results Our study shows that STR profiles generated using Investigator® 24plex GO! gave concordance results with those previously obtained using the GlobalFiler™ Express kit. In addition, quality sensors included in the kit are of particular importance for determining the effectiveness of the PCR reaction and help to indicate the nature and quantity of DNA template for PCR amplification. Conclusion The Investigator® 24plex GO! kit is reliable for STR typing of reference samples.

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Study on the burial practice of tomb M13 of the Yangshao culture at Baligang site in Dengzhou City

Chinese Archaeology ◽

10.1515/char-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

Chi Zhang ◽

Jianing He ◽

Xiaohong Wu ◽

Yinqiu Cui ◽

Hua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Henan Province ◽

Multidisciplinary Research ◽

Human Bones ◽

Burial Practice ◽

Secondary Burial ◽

Yangshao Period

AbstractThe multidisciplinary research on the Yangshao period (4200–2900 BCE) tomb M13, a joint secondary burial at the Baligang site of the Yangshao culture in Dengzhou City, Henan Province showed that there were in total 126 individuals buried in this grave. Their death crossed at least 200 years; among them, at least five individuals were from three maternal lineages, and the descent system of this group was patrilineal. There were also 138 pig mandibles buried in M13, which had been dated and shows that they were collected across over 400 years. Based on the statistics the death population at Baligang site, it is estimated that the human bones found from M13 went through a secondary burial process during which they were probably regarded as “ceremonial objects.” The joint secondary burials as M13 is seen as a result of some reburying ceremonies held at the Baligang site.

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Profiling of human burned bones: oxidising versus reducing conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80462-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. P. M. Marques ◽

D. Gonçalves ◽

A. P. Mamede ◽

T. Coutinho ◽

E. Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽

Inelastic Neutron ◽

Skeletal Remains ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Human Skeletal Remains ◽

Human Bones ◽

Reducing Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Burned Bones ◽

Vibrational Bands

AbstractComplementary optical and neutron-based vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) were applied to the study of human bones (femur and humerus) burned simultaneously under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in a wide range of temperatures (400 to 1000 °C). This is the first INS study of human skeletal remains heated in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere. Clear differences were observed between both types of samples, namely the absence of hydroxyapatite’s OH vibrational bands in bone burned anaerobically (in unsealed containers), coupled to the presence of cyanamide (NCNH2) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in these reductive conditions. These results are expected to allow a better understanding of the heat effect on bone´s constituents in distinct environmental settings, thus contributing for an accurate characterisation of both forensic and archaeological human skeletal remains found in distinct scenarios regarding oxygen availability.

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A novel 13‐plex STR typing system for individual identification and parentage testing of donkeys ( Equus asinus )

Equine Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1111/evj.13158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 290-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Dang ◽

S. Shang ◽

X. Zhang ◽

Y. Yu ◽

D. M. Irwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Identification ◽

Str Typing ◽

Parentage Testing ◽

Equus Asinus ◽

Typing System

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THE ELEMENTAL STATUS OF ANCIENT HUMAN BONES FROM EDESHEIM/RHEINLAND–PFALZ DETERMINED BY PIXE

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083599000632 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 09 (03n04) ◽

pp. 509-514

Author(s):

STEFFEN JÁNKUHN ◽

JÜRGEN VOGT ◽

TILMAN BUTZ

Keyword(s):

Ion Beam ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Burial Site ◽

High Fracture ◽

Preliminary Information ◽

Human Bones ◽

Diagenetic Processes ◽

Elemental Status ◽

The University ◽

University Of Leipzig

We report on ion beam investigations of 40 bone samples from the archaeological site Edesheim/Rheinland–Pfalz, Germany, a burial site of a Merowingian population (6–8th century AD). The samples were prepared as pellets from the so–called WARD'S triangle. This region is an inner part of the femoral neck and one of the areas of high fracture risk in the case of osteoporosis. The experiments were carried out with an 1.5 MeV H + beam at the 2 MV VAN DE GRAAFF accelerator of the University of Leipzig. Simultaneously to the PIXE measurements, PBS and PIGE spectra were recorded. We will present a correlation matrix for 11 selected elements detected by PIXE, which exhibits trends and dependences from which preliminary information on various diagenetic processes can be derived.

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