Transcriptomic analysis of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum third stage larvae indicates parasitic effects on growth and immune response

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 965-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huria Marnis ◽  
Per W. Kania ◽  
Khairul Syahputra ◽  
Shaozhi Zuo ◽  
Ron P. Dirks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Parasitic Effects ◽  
Baltic Cod

Baltic cod endohelminths reflect recent ecological changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Setyawan ◽  
H.M. Jensen ◽  
P.W. Kania ◽  
K. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract We suggest helminthological investigations of cod as a supplement to traditional biological and hydrographical methods for elucidation of ecological changes in the Baltic Sea. It is under discussion if oxygen deficit or seal abundance should explain the present critical situation of Baltic cod. A comparative investigation of endoparasitic helminths in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), captured in the same marine habitat with an interval of 35 years (1983/2018) recorded 11 species of helminths comprising trematodes (Hemiurus luehei, Podocotyle atomon, Lepidapedon elongatum), nematodes (Contracaecum osculatum, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Capillaria gracilis, Cucullanus cirratus), cestodes (Bothriocephalus sp.) and acanthocephalans (Echinorhynchus gadi, Pomphorhynchus laevis, Corynosoma semerme). Significant prevalence and intensity increases were recorded for third-stage larvae of the nematode C. osculatum (liver location) and larvae of C. semerme (encapsulated in viscera). Both parasite species use grey seal as their final host, indicating the recent expansion of the Baltic seal population. A lower E. gadi intensity and an increased prevalence of L. elongatum of small cod (31–40 cm body length) suggest a lowered intake of amphipods (intermediate host) and elevated ingestion of polychaetes, respectively, but no significant changes were seen for other helminths.

scholarly journals Physiological condition of Eastern Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, infected with the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Plambech Ryberg ◽  
Peter V Skov ◽  
Niccolò Vendramin ◽  
Kurt Buchmann ◽  
Anders Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Eastern Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract Establishing relationships between parasite infection and physiological condition of the host can be difficult and therefore are often neglected when describing factors causing population declines. Using the parasite–host system between the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum and the Eastern Baltic cod Gadus morhua, we here shed new light on how parasite load may relate to the physiological condition of a transport host. The Eastern Baltic cod is in distress, with declining nutritional conditions, disappearance of the larger fish, high natural mortality and no signs of recovery of the population. During the latest decade, high infection levels with C. osculatum have been observed in fish in the central and southern parts of the Baltic Sea. We investigated the aerobic performance, nutritional condition, organ masses, and plasma and proximate body composition of wild naturally infected G. morhua in relation to infection density with C. osculatum. Fish with high infection densities of C. osculatum had (i) decreased nutritional condition, (ii) depressed energy turnover as evidenced by reduced standard metabolic rate, (iii) reduction in the digestive organ masses, and alongside (iv) changes in the plasma, body and liver composition, and fish energy source. The significantly reduced albumin to globulin ratio in highly infected G. morhua suggests that the fish suffer from a chronic liver disease. Furthermore, fish with high infection loads had the lowest Fulton’s condition factor. Yet, it remains unknown whether our results steam from a direct effect of C. osculatum, or because G. morhua in an already compromised nutritional state are more susceptible towards the parasite. Nevertheless, impairment of the physiological condition can lead to reduced swimming performance, compromising foraging success while augmenting the risk of predation, potentially leading to an increase in the natural mortality of the host. We hence argue that fish–parasite interactions must not be neglected when implementing and refining strategies to rebuild deteriorating populations.

In vitro Cultivation of Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda:Anisakidae) from Third-Stage Larvae to Egg-Laying Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Likely ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum

Third-stage (L3) Contracaecum sp. larvae, from Gadus morhua, developed to sexual maturity in a two-step roller culture system using medium API-1 supplemented with 5 mM L-cysteine only (step 1) and with bovine haem (Fildes' reagent) added (step 2). The gas phase was 85% N2 – 10% CO2 – 5% O2 and the culture was maintained at 35 °C. The mature nematodes proved to be Contracaecum osculatum, a species which normally matures in the stomach of pinnipeds.

Robustness of egg production methods as a fishery independent alternative to assess the Eastern Baltic cod stock (Gadus morhua callarias L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 117-118 ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Kraus ◽  
Hans-Harald Hinrichsen ◽  
Rüdiger Voss ◽  
Eske Teschner ◽  
Jonna Tomkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Eastern Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of the immune response against A. hydrophila infection in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 737446
Author(s):  
Zhuo-hao Ruan ◽  
Liang-sen Jiang ◽  
Yi-fu Li ◽  
Zhi-qiang Lu ◽  
Xian-can Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Striped Catfish

scholarly journals Deoxygenation impacts on Baltic Sea cod: Dramatic declines in ecosystem services of an iconic keystone predator

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Orio ◽  
Yvette Heimbrand ◽  
Karin Limburg
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Hypoxic Zone ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

AbstractThe intensified expansion of the Baltic Sea’s hypoxic zone has been proposed as one reason for the current poor status of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, with repercussions throughout the food web and on ecosystem services. We examined the links between increased hypoxic areas and the decline in maximum length of Baltic cod, a demographic proxy for services generation. We analysed the effect of different predictors on maximum length of Baltic cod during 1978–2014 using a generalized additive model. The extent of minimally suitable areas for cod (oxygen concentration ≥ 1 ml l−1) is the most important predictor of decreased cod maximum length. We also show, with simulations, the potential for Baltic cod to increase its maximum length if hypoxic areal extent is reduced to levels comparable to the beginning of the 1990s. We discuss our findings in relation to ecosystem services affected by the decrease of cod maximum length.

scholarly journals Factors affecting rule compliance with mesh size regulations in the Baltic cod trawl fishery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Suuronen ◽  
Vesa Tschernij ◽  
Pekka Jounela ◽  
Daniel Valentinsson ◽  
P-O. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Minimum Landing Size ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract Suuronen, P., Tschernij, V., Jounela, P., Valentinsson, D., and Larsson, P-O. 2007. Factors affecting rule compiance with mesh size regulations in the Baltic cod trawl fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1603–1606. In this study, we evaluate the efficiency and applicability of a series of gear-based management measures, enforced since 1990, whose purpose was to improve size selectivity in the trawl fishery for Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). In general, our study revealed that these measures had no marked effect on the capture and discard of young cod. Legal and illegal manipulation of selective codends was widespread. The adoption of a codend design that offered a modest increase in selectivity, but had a good match with the legislated minimum landing size (MLS), led to greater compliance, demonstrating that a mismatch between MLS and selectivity should be avoided. It was also obvious that, generally, the fishing industry did not tolerate large short-term losses. Our evaluation is that overly ambitious rules will be circumvented, and frequent and incoherent changes in the regulations represent bad management practice. A gradual introduction of restrictions and participation by fishers in the decision-making process will increase compliance.

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