An experimental study on performance and emissions of a small SI engine generator set fuelled by hydrous ethanol with high water contents up to 40%

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Konnerup-Madsen, J. (2001). A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5187 _______________ Fluid inclusions in minerals from agpaitic nepheline syenites and hydrothermal veins in the Ilímaussaq complex and in similar agpaitic complexes on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, are dominated by hydrocarbon gases (predominantly methane) and hydrogen. Such volatile compositions differ considerably from those of most other igneous rocks and their formation and entrapment in minerals reflects low oxygen fugacities and a wide range of crystallisation temperatures extending to a low-temperature solidus. Their composition reflects initial low carbon contents and high water contents of the magma resulting in the exsolution of a waterrich CO2–H2O dominated vapour phase. Fractionation of chlorides into the vapour phase results in high salinities and the subsequent development of a heterogeneous vapour phase with a highly saline aqueous-rich fraction and a methane-dominated fraction, with preferential entrapment of the latter, possibly due to different wetting characteristics. The light stable isotope compositions support an abiogenic origin for the hydrocarbons in agpaitic nepheline syenite complexes.

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Constraints on the formation of the giant Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit (NE China) from whole-rock and accessory mineral geochemistry

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/egab018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Xing ◽

Qihai Shu ◽

David R Lentz

Keyword(s):

High Water ◽

Accessory Mineral ◽

Ne China ◽

Accessory Minerals ◽

Slab Rollback ◽

Continental Arc ◽

Arc Setting ◽

Porphyry Mo Deposit ◽

T Values ◽

Water Contents

Abstract There are more than 90 porphyry (or skarn) Mo deposits in northeastern China with Jurassic or Cretaceous ages. These are thought to have formed mainly in a continental arc setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate in the Jurassic and subsequent slab rollback in the early Cretaceous. The Jurassic Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit is one of the largest Mo deposits in NE China, which contains 1.09 Mt Mo with an average Mo grade of 0.07%. To better understand the factors that could have controlled Mo mineralization at Daheishan, and potentially in other similar porphyry Mo deposits in NE China, the geochemical and isotopic compositions of the ore-related granite porphyry and biotite granodiorite, and the magmatic accessory minerals apatite, titanite and zircon from the Daheishan intrusions, were investigated so as to evaluate the potential roles that magma oxidation states, water contents, sulfur and metal concentrations could have played in the formation of the deposit. Magmatic apatite and titanite from the causative intrusions show similar εNd(t) values from -1.1 to 1.4, corresponding to TDM2 ages ranging from 1040 to 840 Ma, which could be accounted for by a mixing model through the interaction of mantle-derived basaltic melts with the Precambrian lower crust. The Ce and Eu anomalies of the magmatic accessory minerals have been used as proxies for magma redox state, and the results suggest that the ore-forming magmas are highly oxidized, with an estimated ΔFMQ range of + 1.8 to + 4.1 (+2.7 in average). This is also consistent with the high whole-rock Fe2O3/FeO ratios (1.3–26.4). The Daheishan intrusions display negligible Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.7–1.1) and have relatively high Sr/Y ratios (40–94) with adakitic signatures; they also have relatively high Sr/Y ratios in apatite and titanite. These suggest that the fractionation of amphibole rather than plagioclase is dominant during the crystallization of the ore-related magmas, which further indicates a high magmatic water content (e.g., >5 wt%). The magmatic sulfur concentrations were calculated using available partitioning models for apatite from granitoids, and the results (9–125 ppm) are indistinguishable from other mineralized, subeconomic and barren intrusions. Furthermore, Monte Carlo modelling has been conducted to simulate the magmatic processes associated with the formation of the Daheishan Mo deposit, and the result reveals that a magma volume of ∼280 km3 with ∼10 ppm Mo was required to form the Mo ores containing 1.09 Mt Mo in Daheishan. The present study suggests that a relatively large volume of parental magmas with high oxygen fugacities and high water contents is essential for the generation of a giant porphyry Mo deposit like Daheishan, whereas a specific magma composition (e.g., with unusually high Mo and/or S concentrations), might be less critical.

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Using On-board Fuel Reforming by Partial Oxidation to Improve SI Engine Cold-Start Performance and Emissions

10.4271/980939 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kristine Drobot Isherwood ◽

Jan-Roger Linna ◽

Peter J. Loftus

Keyword(s):

Partial Oxidation ◽

Cold Start ◽

Fuel Reforming ◽

Si Engine ◽

Performance And Emissions

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Microwave reheating increases the resistant starch content in cooked rice with high water contents

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.136 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Binjia Zhang ◽

Lili Wang ◽

Siming Zhao ◽

Dongling Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistant Starch ◽

Starch Content ◽

High Water ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Water Contents

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A comprehensive review on the medicinal importance; biological and therapeutic efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) (bottle gourd) Standley fruit

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026621666210701124628 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Zahoor ◽

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Nausheen Nazir ◽

Sumaira Naz ◽

Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicines ◽

High Water ◽

Bottle Gourd ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Lagenaria Siceraria ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Domestic Plant ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Cucurbitaceae Family ◽

Water Contents

: Herbal remedies have been employed for the treatment and management of different diseases for ages. Herbal medicines are a promising choice over modern synthetic drugs because of their low side effects and are thus considered safe and effective in treating human diseases. Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley fruit (Bottle gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family that has been used in a different system of traditional medication to treat various diseases. This is a domestic plant that provides food as well as medication. This vegetable has low caloric values and high water contents. The edible portion of it contains phytochemicals like vitamins, proteins, choline, minerals, terpenoids, flavonoids etc. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from L. siceraria, including triterpenoids, sterols, cucurbitacins, flavones, C-glycosides and β-glycosides. Researchers have evaluated various parts of this plant viz., fruit, root, flowers, and leaves for pharmacological activities like antianxiety, antidepressant, diuretic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-hyperglycemic, antihepatotoxic, anti-urolithiatic, antistress, antiulcer, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant. In this review, an attempt has been made to explore its phytochemical constituents, traditional, medicinal, and pharmacological uses to highlight the therapeutic importance of this well-known plant. This would be helpful in reviving its importance and highlight its several promising aspects to encourage researchers for further research on L. siceraria.

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