Effect of equivalence ratio on spark ignition combustion of an air-assisted direct injection heavy-fuel two-stroke engine

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122646
Author(s):  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Bin Liao ◽  
Yunzhen Yu ◽  
Tao Qin
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Frommater ◽  
Jens Neumann ◽  
Christian Hasse

In modern turbocharged direct-injection, spark-ignition engines, proper calibration of the engine control unit is essential to handle the increasing variability of actuators. The physically based simulation of engine processes such as mixture homogenization enables a model-based calibration of the engine control unit to identify an ideal set of actuator settings, for example, for efficient combustion with reduced exhaust emissions. In this work, a zero-dimensional phenomenological model for direct-injection, spark-ignition engines is presented that allows the equivalence ratio distribution function in the combustion chamber to be calculated and its development is tracked over time. The model considers the engine geometry, mixing time, charge motion and spray–charge interaction. Accompanying three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, simulations are performed to obtain information on homogeneity at different operating conditions and to calibrate the model. The calibrated model matches the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics reference both for the temporal homogeneity development and for the equivalence ratio distribution at the ignition time, respectively. When the model is validated outside the calibrated operating conditions, this shows satisfying results in terms of mixture homogeneity at the time of ignition. Additionally, only a slight modification of the calibration is shown to be required when transferring the model to a comparable engine. While the model is primarily aimed at target applications such as a direct-injection, spark-ignition soot emission model, its application to other issues, such as gaseous exhaust emissions, engine knock or cyclic fluctuations, is conceivable due to its general structure. The fast calculation enables mixture inhomogeneities to be estimated during driving cycle simulations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110050
Author(s):  
Stefania Esposito ◽  
Lutz Diekhoff ◽  
Stefan Pischinger

With the further tightening of emission regulations and the introduction of real driving emission tests (RDE), the simulative prediction of emissions is becoming increasingly important for the development of future low-emission internal combustion engines. In this context, gas-exchange simulation can be used as a powerful tool for the evaluation of new design concepts. However, the simplified description of the combustion chamber can make the prediction of complex in-cylinder phenomena like emission formation quite challenging. The present work focuses on the prediction of gaseous pollutants from a spark-ignition (SI) direct injection (DI) engine with 1D–0D gas-exchange simulations. The accuracy of the simulative prediction regarding gaseous pollutant emissions is assessed based on the comparison with measurement data obtained with a research single cylinder engine (SCE). Multiple variations of engine operating parameters – for example, load, speed, air-to-fuel ratio, valve timing – are taken into account to verify the predictivity of the simulation toward changing engine operating conditions. Regarding the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, phenomenological models are used to estimate the contribution of the piston top-land crevice as well as flame wall-quenching and oil-film fuel adsorption-desorption mechanisms. Regarding CO and NO emissions, multiple approaches to describe the burned zone kinetics in combination with a two-zone 0D combustion chamber model are evaluated. In particular, calculations with reduced reaction kinetics are compared with simplified kinetic descriptions. At engine warm operation, the HC models show an accuracy mainly within 20%. The predictions for the NO emissions follow the trend of the measurements with changing engine operating parameters and all modeled results are mainly within ±20%. Regarding CO emissions, the simplified kinetic models are not capable to predict CO at stoichiometric conditions with errors below 30%. With the usage of a reduced kinetic mechanism, a better prediction capability of CO at stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio could be achieved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Fangxi Xie ◽  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Yongzhen Wang ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
...  

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