Reliability of center of pressure measures of postural stability in healthy older adults: Effects of postural task difficulty and cognitive load

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Moghadam ◽  
Hassan Ashayeri ◽  
Mahyar Salavati ◽  
Javad Sarafzadeh ◽  
Keyvan Davatgaran Taghipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Postural Task

Kinematic Analysis of Dance-Based Exergaming: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest K. Ofori ◽  
Savitha Subramaniam ◽  
Shuaijie Wang ◽  
Tanvi Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Cortical Pathology

Background: Recent studies demonstrate improvements in both postural stability and mobility among aging populations and those with stroke who are exposed to dance-based exergaming (DBExG). However, age-related deficits and aging with cortical pathology may lead to distinct movement adaptation patterns during DBExG, which could impact therapeutic outcomes.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the movement kinematics (postural stability and mobility) of healthy older adults, older adults with stroke, and young adults for different paces of dance during DBExG. Method: The study included 33 particpants (11 participant from each group of healthy older adults, older adults with chronic stroke, and healthy young adults) who performed the DBExG using slow- (SP), medium- (MP), and fast-paced (FP) songs with movements in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Center of mass (CoM) sway area, excursion (Ex), and peaks as well as hip, knee, and ankle joint excursions were computed. Results: Results of the study revealed that CoM sway areas and Exs were greater for healthy young adults than for older adults with stroke for the SP dance (p < 0.05) and that there were significantly more AP CoM peaks for young adults than for healthy older adults and those with stroke for the FP dance (p < 0.05). Young adults also exhibited greater hip and ankle Exs than older adults with stroke (p < 0.05) for all song paces. Similarly, knee and ankle Exs were greater for healthy older adults than for older adults with stroke for all song paces (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The quantitative evaluation and comparison of the movement patterns presented for the three groups could provide a foundation for both assessing and designing therapeutic DBExG protocols for these populations.

The evaluation of walking footwear on postural stability in healthy older adults: An exploratory study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Brenton-Rule ◽  
Sandra Bassett ◽  
Annie Walsh ◽  
Keith Rome
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

The Use of Gesturing to Facilitate Older Adults’ Learning from Computer-Based Dynamic Visualizations

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Kim Ouwehand ◽  
Tamara van Gog ◽  
Fred Paas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Aging Adults

The present chapter describes the role of gestures in instructional design from a cognitive load theory perspective, addressing in particular how this might benefit aging adults. Healthy older adults have to cope with several cognitive changes related to their working memory, such as a decline in: 1) the ability to deal with interference, 2) cognitive speed in response to unimodal stimuli (e.g. visual information), and 3) the ability to associate and integrate information elements. Cognitive load theory, with its focus on adapting learning formats to the limitations of working memory, provides a promising framework to address learning in older adults. Research inspired by cognitive load theory has shown that attentional cueing can reduce interference during learning, presenting instructions in a multimodal format can make more efficient use of WM stores (both auditory and visual), and the manner of presentation of information can aid integrative learning. Interestingly, studies using gestures in instruction show that gestures accompanying verbal information improve learning in similar ways. However, not much research has been done in applying the instructional guidelines of cognitive load theory and the use of gestures to older adults’ learning. In the present chapter, the authors will discuss possibilities of gestures to improve multimedia learning in older adults using some important guidelines proposed by cognitive load theory.

Older Adults’ Drop in Cerebral Oxygenation on Standing Correlates With Postural Instability and May Improve With Sitting Prior to Standing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Fitzgibbon-Collins ◽  
George A Heckman ◽  
Ikdip Bains ◽  
Mamiko Noguchi ◽  
William E McIlroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Total Path Length ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation

Abstract Background Impaired blood pressure (BP) recovery with orthostatic hypotension on standing occurs in 20% of older adults. Low BP is associated with low cerebral blood flow but mechanistic links to postural instability and falls are not established. We investigated whether posture-related reductions in cerebral tissue oxygenation (tSO2) in older adults impaired stability upon standing, if a brief sit before standing improved tSO2 and stability, and if Low-tSO2 predicted future falls. Method Seventy-seven older adults (87 ± 7 years) completed (i) supine–stand, (ii) supine–sit–stand, and (iii) sit–stand transitions with continuous measurements of tSO2 (near-infrared spectroscopy). Total path length (TPL) of the center of pressure sway quantified stability. K-cluster analysis grouped participants into High-tSO2 (n = 62) and Low-tSO2 (n = 15). Fall history was followed up for 6 months. Results Change in tSO2 during supine–stand was associated with increased TPL (R = −.356, p = .001). When separated into groups and across all transitions, the Low-tSO2 group had significantly lower tSO2 (all p &lt; .01) and poorer postural stability (p &lt; .04) through 3 minutes of standing compared to the High-tSO2 group. There were no effects of transition type on tSO2 or TPL for the High-tSO2 group, but a 10-second sitting pause improved tSO2 and enhanced postural stability in the Low-tSO2 group (all p &lt; .05). During 6-month follow-up, the Low-tSO2 group had a trend (p &lt; .1) for increased fall risk. Conclusions This is the first study to show an association between posture-related cerebral hypoperfusion and quantitatively assessed instability. Importantly, we found differences among older adults suggesting those with lower tSO2 and greater instability might be at increased risk of a future fall.

scholarly journals Pilates Reducing Falls Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Donatoni da Silva ◽  
Agnes Shiel ◽  
Caroline McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: The main theme of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize the evidence of randomized controlled trial of evidence of Pilates intervention, in comparison to control groups and other forms of exercise, for falls prevention in healthy older adults.Methods: The following electronic databases were searched up to October 2020; EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE (Ovid), Science Direct, Cochrane, and CINAHL. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. A PICOS approach was adopted as a framework to formulate the research question and set the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were healthy older adults, defined as older adults who have maintained functional ability, including participants of both genders, those with a falls history, non-fallers, and individuals who were considered to be sedentary or active. Randomized controlled trials studies, written in the English language, from the decade, were included if they focused on specific outcome measures to decrease falls risk; functional mobility, mobility, fear of falling, gait, and postural stability. The PEDro scale was used to assess risk of bias.Results: There were included 12 studies. In total, 702 healthy older adults' participants were included. Pilates showed an effect in mediolateral directions in comparison to control groups (MD = −1.77, 95% CI, −2.84 to −0.70, p = 0.001, heterogeneity: I2 = 3%), mobility (MD = 9.23, 95% CI, 5.74 to 12.73, p &lt; 0.00001, heterogeneity: I2 = 75%) and fear of falling (MD = −8.61, 95% CI, −10.16 to −7.07, p &lt; 0.00001, heterogeneity: I2 = 88%). In relation to other exercises group, Pilates showed positive effects in functional mobility (MD = −1.21, 95% CI, −2.30 to −0.11, p = 0.03, heterogeneity: I2 = 80%), mobility (MD = 3.25, 95% CI, 1.46 to 5.04, p &lt; 0.0004, heterogeneity: I2 = 0%). No evidence of an improvement was found between the groups for dynamic gait index (MD = 2.26, 95% CI, −0.05 to 4.56, p = 0.06, heterogeneity: I2 = 86%), anteroposterior directions of balance (MD = −1.58, 95% CI, −3.74 to −0.59, p = 0.15, heterogeneity: I2 = 51%) and functional mobility when compared to control groups (no exercise) (MD = −1.24, 95% CI, −2.48 to −0.00, p = 0.05, heterogeneity: I2 = 87%).Discussion: Pilates may be effective in decreasing the risk of falls in older adults. Pilates intervention was found to improve functional mobility, mobility, gait, fear of falling and postural stability and therefore there is some evidence to suggest that Pilates reduces certain risk factors for falls in healthy older adults. However, there is an absence of high-quality evidence in regards to the impact of Pilates on reducing falls and further robust RCTs are needed.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021206134].

scholarly journals Measurement of Centre of Pressure Using the Wii Balance Board in Older Adults with Simulated Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 658-658
Author(s):  
Berkley Petersen ◽  
Karen Li ◽  
Caitlin Murphy ◽  
Aaron Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Math Task ◽  
Hearing Acuity

Abstract Postural stability is a complex skill dependent upon the coordination of motor, sensory and cognitive systems. The purpose of this project was therefore to explore how older adults’ balance performance is impacted by increased cognitive load, hearing loss, and simulated vision loss. Twenty-eight older adults between the ages of 50 and 93 years (M = 73.86, SD = 10.43) were tested. Participants underwent standard sensory acuity and cognitive functioning tests. The balance trials varied as a function of cognitive load and visual challenge resulting in five conditions: (1) eyes closed, (2) normal vision clear goggles (NV) (3) simulated low vision (20/80) goggles (LV) (4) LV and math task, (5) NV and math task. Postural stability was assessed with three key center of pressure parameters: total path length (TPL), anterior-posterior amplitude (APA) and medial-lateral amplitude (MLA). A mixed-model ANOVA using hearing acuity as a covariate revealed significant effects of complexity in sway amplitude: (APA: p &lt; .017; MLA: p &lt; .020), while TPL approached significance (p &lt; .074). T-tests revealed significant (p &lt; .05) decreases in balance performance across all 3 centre of pressure parameters when comparing single task NV to dual-task NV, NV vs. eyes closed and single task NV vs. LV dual-task. There were significant positive correlations between hearing acuity and balance (MLA) under single task NV (r = .491) and LV conditions (r = .497). Results suggest the attentional demands from increased cognitive load and sensory loss lead to decreases in older adults’ single- and dual-task balance performance.

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