scholarly journals Pilates Reducing Falls Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Donatoni da Silva ◽  
Agnes Shiel ◽  
Caroline McIntosh

Background: The main theme of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize the evidence of randomized controlled trial of evidence of Pilates intervention, in comparison to control groups and other forms of exercise, for falls prevention in healthy older adults.Methods: The following electronic databases were searched up to October 2020; EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE (Ovid), Science Direct, Cochrane, and CINAHL. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. A PICOS approach was adopted as a framework to formulate the research question and set the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were healthy older adults, defined as older adults who have maintained functional ability, including participants of both genders, those with a falls history, non-fallers, and individuals who were considered to be sedentary or active. Randomized controlled trials studies, written in the English language, from the decade, were included if they focused on specific outcome measures to decrease falls risk; functional mobility, mobility, fear of falling, gait, and postural stability. The PEDro scale was used to assess risk of bias.Results: There were included 12 studies. In total, 702 healthy older adults' participants were included. Pilates showed an effect in mediolateral directions in comparison to control groups (MD = −1.77, 95% CI, −2.84 to −0.70, p = 0.001, heterogeneity: I2 = 3%), mobility (MD = 9.23, 95% CI, 5.74 to 12.73, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity: I2 = 75%) and fear of falling (MD = −8.61, 95% CI, −10.16 to −7.07, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity: I2 = 88%). In relation to other exercises group, Pilates showed positive effects in functional mobility (MD = −1.21, 95% CI, −2.30 to −0.11, p = 0.03, heterogeneity: I2 = 80%), mobility (MD = 3.25, 95% CI, 1.46 to 5.04, p < 0.0004, heterogeneity: I2 = 0%). No evidence of an improvement was found between the groups for dynamic gait index (MD = 2.26, 95% CI, −0.05 to 4.56, p = 0.06, heterogeneity: I2 = 86%), anteroposterior directions of balance (MD = −1.58, 95% CI, −3.74 to −0.59, p = 0.15, heterogeneity: I2 = 51%) and functional mobility when compared to control groups (no exercise) (MD = −1.24, 95% CI, −2.48 to −0.00, p = 0.05, heterogeneity: I2 = 87%).Discussion: Pilates may be effective in decreasing the risk of falls in older adults. Pilates intervention was found to improve functional mobility, mobility, gait, fear of falling and postural stability and therefore there is some evidence to suggest that Pilates reduces certain risk factors for falls in healthy older adults. However, there is an absence of high-quality evidence in regards to the impact of Pilates on reducing falls and further robust RCTs are needed.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021206134].

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Fang ◽  
Parisa Ghanouni ◽  
Sarah E. Anderson ◽  
Hilary Touchett ◽  
Rebekah Shirley ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Liselotte De Wit ◽  
Vitoria Piai ◽  
Pilar Thangwaritorn ◽  
Brynn Johnson ◽  
Deirdre O’Shea ◽  
...  

AbstractThe literature on repetition priming in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is inconsistent, with some findings supporting spared priming while others do not. Several factors may explain these inconsistencies, including AD severity (e.g., dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) and priming paradigm-related characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of repetition priming in AD. We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD dementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combined aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that required participants to produce, rather than identify, primes during the test phase. Our results further suggested that priming in AD is impaired for both conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. Lastly, while our results suggested that priming in AD is impaired for priming tasks that require deep processing, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about whether priming is less impaired in aMCI or AD dementia for paradigms that require shallow processing.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Sarah Cheour ◽  
Chouaib Cheour ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Armin H. Paravlic ◽  
...  

Background: The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to quantify the effectiveness of endurance training (ET) on aerobic performance (i.e., peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)) in healthy and unhealthy middle and very old adults aged 70 years and older, and to provide dose–response relationships of training prescription variables (in terms of frequency, and volume). Methods: Several scholarly databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect Journals, and Taylor & Francis Online—Journals) were searched, identifying randomized controlled studies that investigated the effectiveness of ET on VO2peak in older adults. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Results: In terms of changes differences between experimental and control group, ET produced significant large effects on VO2peak performance (SMD = 2.64 (95%CI 0.97–4.31)). The moderator analysis revealed that “health status” variable moderated ET effect onVO2peak performance. More specifically, ET produced larger SMD magnitudes on VO2peak performance in healthy compared with unhealthy individuals. With regard to the dose–response relationships, findings from the meta-regression showed that none of the included training prescription variables predicted ET effects on VO2peak performance. Conclusions: ET is an effective mean for improving aerobic performance in healthy older adults when compared with their unhealthy counterparts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Robinson Ramirez-Vélez ◽  
Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu ◽  
Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽  
Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Moreno-Segura ◽  
Celedonia Igual-Camacho ◽  
Yéntel Ballester-Gil ◽  
María Clara Blasco-Igual ◽  
Jose María Blasco

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