Acute effects of ankle plantar flexor force-matching exercises on postural strategy during single leg standing in healthy adults

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of consuming isocaloric, higher-protein breakfast shakes varying in protein source on appetite, satiety, and subsequent breakfast and lunch food intake in healthy adults. Methods Thirty-two adults (Age: 25 ± 1y; BMI: 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2) randomly consumed 250 kcal higher-protein breakfast shakes (24 g total protein; 17 g CHO; 9 g fat), varying only in protein source (whey protein isolate, WHEY; soy protein isolate, SOY; Micellar Casein, CAS; pea protein isolate, PEA; and milk protein isolate; MILK) for 3 days/shake. On day 4, the participants completed a 4-h testing day that included the consumption of the respective shake followed by blood sampling and questionnaires taken every 30 min to assess appetite and satiety. At the end of the testing day, an ad libitum lunch was provided. In addition, we sought to assess whether the study shakes consumed as breakfast preloads reduce food intake within the breakfast eating occasion. Thus, on day 5, the respective shake was consumed 30 min before an ad libitum breakfast. Results Postprandial differences in morning fullness and desire to eat were detected between protein shakes. Specifically, MILK led to greater 4-h fullness vs. WHEY, SOY, and PEA (all, P < 0.05) but not vs. CAS. CAS led to greater fullness vs. SOY (P < 0.05). In addition, MILK, CAS, and PEA led to greater decreases in 4-h desire to eat vs. SOY (all, P < 0.05). No differences in hunger, prospective food consumption, or food cravings were detected. At the subsequent lunch meal, the participants consumed on average 750 ± 70 kcal with no differences observed between shakes. Lastly, regardless of the protein source within the preloads, the participants consumed an additional +280 ± 50 kcal from other breakfast foods. Blood sampling analyses of metabolic analytes and appetite hormones are on-going. Conclusions Although protein source differences within isocaloric, higher-protein breakfast shakes influenced appetite responses throughout the morning, subsequent breakfast and lunch intake was not modified. Funding Sources Leprino Foods.

Download Full-text

Allelic variation in 5-HTTLPR and the effects of citalopram on the emotional neural network

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.150128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 206 (5) ◽

pp. 385-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yina Ma ◽

Bingfeng Li ◽

Chenbo Wang ◽

Wenxia Zhang ◽

Yi Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Imaging Results

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram, which selectively block serotonin transporter (5-HTT) activity, are widely used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Numerous neuroimaging studies have examined the effects of SSRIs on emotional processes. However, there are considerable inter-individual differences in SSRI effect, and a recent meta-analysis further revealed discrepant effects of acute SSRI administration on neural responses to negative emotions in healthy adults.AimsWe examined how a variant of the serotonin-transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), which affects the expression and function of 5-HTT, influenced the acute effects of an SSRI (citalopram) on emotion-related brain activity in healthy adults.MethodCombining genetic neuroimaging, pharmacological technique and a psychological paradigm of emotion recognition, we scanned the short/short (s/s) and long/long (l/l) variants of 5-HTTLPR during perception of fearful, happy and neutral facial expressions after the acute administration of an SSRI (i.e. 30mg citalopram administered orally) or placebo administration.ResultsWe found that 5-HTTLPR modulated the acute effects of citalopram on neural responses to negative emotions. Specifically, relative to placebo, citalopram increased amygdala and insula activity in l/l but not s/s homozygotes during perception of fearful faces. Similar analyses of brain activity in response to happy faces did not show any significant effects.ConclusionsOur combined pharmacogenetic and functional imaging results provide a neurogenetic mechanism for discrepant acute effects of SSRIs.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Physical Activity Related to Food Addiction in Obese and Overweight Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

10.20944/preprints202002.0282.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Piñol-Piñol ◽

Silvia Sole ◽

Francesc Rubí-Carnacea ◽

Cristina Bravo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Behaviour Management ◽

Different Doses

Obesity is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and food addiction has been considered one of its phenotypes. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of physical activity (PA), exercise, and sedentary behaviour management in attenuating food addiction in obese and overweight healthy adults. A search strategy was undertaken using MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL until April 2019. A total of 295 studies were found from which seven studies, after duplicates were removed, were included. The acute effect of PA of moderate intensity had an effect on attentional bias, craving, and sweet taste perception, although no difference was observed between genders and body mass index groups. No effect was observed on the hedonic and reward value. The acute effects of PA of moderate intensity may be a useful tool to control the levels of food addiction. More research is needed to clarify if this effect also occurs during chronic application, at different doses and types of PA, and for all populations.

Download Full-text