Initial soil formation in an artificial river valley - Interplay of anthropogenic landscape shaping and fluvial dynamics

Geomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108064
Author(s):  
Philipp Schulte ◽  
Hendrik Hamacher ◽  
Frank Lehmkuhl ◽  
Verena Esser
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscape ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Initial Soil

Late Quaternary landscape evolution and bioclimatic change in the central Great Plains, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2553-2571
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Layzell ◽  
Rolfe D. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
South Central

Abstract A systematic study of floodplains, terraces, and alluvial fans in the Republican River valley of south-central Nebraska provided a well-dated, detailed reconstruction of late Quaternary landscape evolution and resolved outstanding issues related to previously proposed Holocene terrace sequences. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values determined on soil organic matter from buried soils in alluvial landforms were used to reconstruct the structure of vegetation communities and provided a means to investigate the relationships between bioclimatic change and fluvial activity for the period of record. Our study serves as a model for geomorphological and geoarcheological investigations in stream valleys throughout the central Great Plains and wherever loess-derived late Quaternary alluvial fans occur, in particular. Holocene alluvial landforms in the river valley include a broad floodplain complex (T-0a, T-0b, and T-0c), a single alluvial terrace (T-1), and alluvial fans that mostly grade to the T-1 (AF-1) and T-0c (AF-0c) surfaces. Remnants of a late Pleistocene terrace (T-2), mantled by Holocene (Bignell) loess, are also preserved, and some Holocene alluvial fans (AF-2) grade to T-2 surfaces. Radiocarbon ages suggest that the T-1 fill and AF-1 fans aggraded between ca. 9000–1000 yr B.P. Hence, nearly all of the Holocene alluvium in the river valley is stored in these landforms. Sedimentation, however, was interrupted by several periods of landscape stability and soil formation. Radiocarbon ages from the upper A horizons of buried soils in the T-1 and AF-1 fills, indicating approximate burial ages, cluster at ca. 6500, 4500, 3500, and 1000 yr B.P. Also, based on the radiocarbon ages, the T-0c fill and AF-0c fans were aggrading between ca. 2000–900 yr B.P. Given that the T-0c fill and upper parts of the T-1 fill were both aggrading after ca. 2000 yr B.P., we suggest that the T-1 surface was abandoned between ca. 4500–3500 yr B.P., but subsequent aggradation of both the T-1 and T-0c fills occurred due to large-magnitude flood events during the late Holocene. The δ13C data indicate a shift from ∼40% C4 biomass at ca. 6000 to ∼85% at ca. 4500 yr B.P. We propose a scenario where (1) a reduction in C3 vegetation after 6000 yr B.P. destabilized the uplands, resulting in an increase in sediment supply and aggradation of the T-1 fill and AF-1 fans, and (2) the establishment of C4 vegetation by ca. 4500 yr B.P. stabilized the uplands, resulting in a reduction in sediment supply and subsequent incision and abandonment of the T-1 and most AF-1 surfaces. The proposed timing and nature of landscape and bioclimatic change are consistent with regional records from the central Great Plains.

Initial Soil Formation Processes of Volcanogenous Regosols (Scoriacious) from Miyake-jima Island, Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Kato ◽  
Takashi Kamijo ◽  
Tamao Hatta ◽  
Kenji Tamura ◽  
Teruo Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Initial Soil

Development of soil in heterogeneous landscapes of a high alpine catchment in the Central European Alps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Müller ◽  
Katharina Ramskogler ◽  
Bettina Knoflach ◽  
Johann Stötter ◽  
Brigitta Erschbamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
European Alps ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Geological Substrate

<p>In high mountain environments with harsh weather conditions, soil development and its limitations strongly depend on topography and morphodynamics, both leading to heterogeneous landscape patterns of different geological substrate, vegetation, (micro)relief, and (micro)climate. In addition, as glaciers currently are retreating disproportionately strong, a large area is exposed to initial soil development, enabling to study time related issues of soil formation.</p><p>These mosaic-like patterns are particularly intensified within the high-alpine and nival zone, due to the dominating influence of cryospheric elements, such as ice (e.g. retreating glaciers), snow (e.g. snowbeds; shallow self-deepening sinks with snow accumulation at altitudes above 2500 m a.s.l.), and frost (e.g. causing solifluction, controlling physical weathering, changing permafrost dynamics, increasing the probability mass movements and sediment transport). The high-alpine environment with its site diversity therefore represents a perfect study area to analyze soil-vegetation-interactions at various microsites within a single catchment.</p><p>To study the influence of time, the glacier foreland of Zufall- and Fürkeleferner (Martelltal, South Tyrol) was found to be excellent for an interdisciplinary chronosequence study. Large amounts of historical maps, aerial orthophotos, and remote sensing data are available, enabling reconstructed glacier retreat with a high spatial and temporal accuracy. Study sites of different soil age were chosen for the analysis of various soil and vegetation parameters. The influence of temperature and soil water availability were determined by installing temperature and soil matric potential data loggers.</p><p>Furthermore, to study soil development as a function of geological substrate, microrelief, altitude, slope, and microclimate, an additional transect along an altitudinal gradient (Martelltal, South Tyrol, within the maximum extent of Egesen) was sampled and analyzed regarding central soil properties, vegetation, and microclimate. Directly bordering to those sites, heterogeneous and morphodynamically active microsites were investigated. These special sites were characterized by different morphological features, in particularly: soil sinks of different genesis, hilltops, and scree-dominated sites with initial soil development after primary plant succession.</p><p>As expected, we found clear trends of soil development with changing altitude and/or time. However, the small-scaled special sites differed distinctly from the reference sites regarding basic soil properties such as soil pH or soil organic matter content, and also remarkably in plant-available NH4-N, microbial activity, and microbial biomass. This was especially true where the water regime was strongly affected by the microrelief.</p><p>The observed distinct changes in soil properties within small scales of sometimes only several meters help to better understand and predict soil formation and diversity as well as soil-plant-interactions in high alpine environments of the European Alps.</p>

Initial soil formation in an agriculturally reclaimed open-cast mining area - the role of management and loess parent material

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 224-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelin Pihlap ◽  
Miljenka Vuko ◽  
Maik Lucas ◽  
Markus Steffens ◽  
Michael Schloter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Open Cast Mining ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Open Cast

Forces driving late Pleistocene (ca. 77–12 ka) landscape evolution in the Cimarron River valley, southwestern Kansas

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Layzell ◽  
Rolfe D. Mandel ◽  
Greg A. Ludvigson ◽  
Tammy M. Rittenour ◽  
Jon J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Cimarron River ◽  
Local Base

This study presents stratigraphic, geomorphic, and paleoenvironmental (δ13C) data that provide insight into the late Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Cimarron River valley in the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Two distinct valley fills (T-1 and T-2) were investigated. Three soils occur in the T-2 fill and five in the T-1 fill, all indicating periods of landscape stability or slow sedimentation. Of particular interest are two cumulic soils dating to ca. 48–28 and 13–12.5 ka. δ13C values are consistent with regional paleoenvironmental proxy data that indicate the prevalence of warm, dry conditions at these times. The Cimarron River is interpreted to have responded to these climatic changes and to local base level control. Specifically, aggradation occurred during cool, wet periods and slow sedimentation with cumulic soil formation occurred under warmer, drier climates. Significant valley incision (~ 25 m) by ca. 28 ka likely resulted from a lowering of local base level caused by deep-seated dissolution of Permian evaporite deposits.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic paragenetic landscapes river and floodplains Southern Bug

2013 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
О. Lavryk
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Space Time ◽  
River Channel ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Time Process ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscape ◽  
Matter Energy

The problem of allocating paragenetic anthropogenic landscapes. The processes of formation, development and operation of the paragenetic and paradinamic connection in landscape complex of channel and floodplain of the Southern Bug River. On the example of the space-time process of development of the bottom of the river valley described the process of exchange of matter, energy and information between the anthropogenic landscape complexes. Key words: Southern Bug River, channel, floodplain, anthropogenic landscape, landscaped complex, paradinamic connection, paragenetic connection.

Ecology and fluvial dynamics of an Early Holocene medium‐sized European lowland river valley (Upper Scheldt, northern Belgium)

Boreas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-694
Author(s):  
Annelies Storme ◽  
Jan Bastiaens ◽  
Philippe Crombé ◽  
Sofie Debruyne ◽  
Stephen Louwye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen ratio in the soils of the lithalsa landscapes in Sentsa River valley, East Sayan

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Alla Constantinovna Vasil'chuk ◽  
Jessica Yur'evna Vasil'chuk ◽  
Nadine Arkad'evna Budantseva ◽  
Yurij Kirillovich Vasil'chuk ◽  
Elena Vyacheslavovna Terskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Porcelain Mortar ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽  
Peat Horizon

The subject of this study is the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content in the soil of the lithalsa landscape in the Sentsa River valley. The focus is on the spatial distribution of C/N ratio in the genetic soil horizons: humus (A), illuvial (B), the parent rock(C), as well as in the buried peat horizon (T). The carbon and nitrogen content is analyzed in 70 samples using the element analyzer C, H, N, S –O EA 1110. Sample preparation included drying the soil through a sieve and grinding it with a rubber pestle in a porcelain mortar. It is found that cryogenic concentration of soil solutions, cryogenic heaving, thermokarst, zoogenic turbations, peat burial, and alluvial loam deposition are the main processes determining the peculiarity of soil formation within lithalsa landscapes. The maximum variation in the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content is observed in the illuvial horizon, while in the humus horizon and in the parent rock, as well as in the buried peat horizon, this indicator is of a smaller range.

scholarly journals Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian deposition and soil formation in relation to the Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg occupation, site Geldrop-A2, the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kasse ◽  
L.A. Tebbens ◽  
M. Tump ◽  
J. Deeben ◽  
C. Derese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Aeolian Dunes ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

AbstractThe lithostratigraphy, age and human occupation of the Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian succession of a Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg site in the excavation Geldrop-A2 (municipality of Heeze-Leende) have been investigated. The exposure revealed a stacked sequence of aeolian sand units and intercalated soils (Older Coversand II, Younger Coversand I (YCI), Usselo Soil, Younger Coversand II (YCII), Holocene podzol, drift sand). Fourteen optically stimulated luminescence dates on quartz and three radiocarbon dates provide the age control of the aeolian deposition (coversands, drift sand), landscape stability (soils) and human occupation. The upper part of the YCI unit was dated to the early Late Glacial. The well-developed Usselo Soil was formed during a phase of landscape stability during the late Allerød interstadial and onset of the Younger Dryas stadial. During the Younger Dryas, low aeolian dunes were formed locally (YCII), as a response to landscape instability due to cooling and vegetation decline. In the fine-grained lower part of the YCII unit an initial soil testifies to a decadal to centennial period of landscape stability. An Ahrensburg site in the upper part of this initial soil was dated at 10,915±35 BP (c. 12,854–12,789 cal BP). The lithostratigraphic position, radiocarbon dates of the underlying Usselo Soil and a possibly old-wood effect of up to 200 years suggest that Ahrensburg occupation of the dune environment occurred during the early Younger Dryas, shortly afterc. 10,750 BP (12,750 cal BP). Landscape stability and podzol soil formation dominated the early and middle Holocene periods. Drift-sand deposition, probably related to human land use and vegetation decline, occurred in a 200-year period from the 16th to the 18th centuries.

scholarly journals Evolution of carbon fluxes during initial soil formation along the forefield of Damma glacier, Switzerland

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 545-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guelland ◽  
F. Hagedorn ◽  
R. H. Smittenberg ◽  
H. Göransson ◽  
S. M. Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Initial Soil
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