PIRATARIA FLUVIAL NA SERRA DO ESPIGÃO: DIVISÓRIA DOS RIOS URUGUAI E IGUAÇU-AMÉRICA DO SUL

Stream capture is a drainage rearrangement where a flux transference occurs and a contribution area from a drainage basin is incorporated to another. It is about expanding a river system over another one, caused by erosive advantage earned by conditioning factors such as lithostructure, pluviometric regime, topographic gradient, and base level. However, in the southern region of Brazil, a rare dynamic of stream piracy was verified between the drainage basins of the Uruguay and Iguazu (Paraná) rivers. Stream captures were observed along the Serra of Espigão, part of the drainage divide between the two basins. Still, it was not possible to identify which basin was advancing over the other. This paper investigated the occurrence of stream captures, identifying which factors are responsible for this atypical stream dynamic. Mapping the stream captures by remote sensing and further validation with fieldwork, it was verified that there is stream piracy for both sides of the drainage divide. Still, it is not clear which basin is behaving more aggressively. A longitudinal profile analysis of the channels involved in the stream captures showed a local control in the drainage network. This control sets a local base level to the Iguazu river tributaries. It indicates the lithostructural limit between two different geological units: the Serra Geral group basalts and the Botucatu formation sandstones. Depending on the geographic location of this base level, channels that drain to the Iguazu (Paraná) river become more aggressive or less aggressive than the ones that drain to the Uruguai basin, and so they capture or lose area for the other basin. Therefore, it is impossible to identify a river basin that exclusively pirates the other, prevailing, in this case, a mutual competition between the Uruguai and Iguazu (Paraná) rivers basins. This fact highlights the significance of local base levels to promote stream capture processes.

Bedrock gorge incision via anthropogenic meander cutoff

Bedrock river-gorge incision represents a fundamental landscape-shaping process, but a dearth of observational data at >10 yr timescales impedes understanding of gorge formation. I quantify 102 yr rates and processes of gorge incision using historical records, field observations, and topographic and image analysis of a human-caused bedrock meander cutoff along the North Fork Fortymile River in Alaska (USA). Miners cut off the meander in 1900 CE, abruptly lowering local base level by 6 m and forcing narrowing and steepening of the channel across a knickpoint that rapidly incised upstream. Tectonic quiescence, consistent rock erosivity, and low millennial erosion rates provide ideal boundary conditions for this 102 yr gorge-formation experiment. Initial fast knickpoint propagation (23 m/yr; 1900–1903 CE) slowed (4 m/yr; 1903–1981 CE) to diffusion (1981–2019 CE) as knickpoint slope decreased, yielding an ~350-m-long, 6-m-deep gorge within the pre–1900 CE channel. Today, diffusion dominates incision of a 500-m-long knickzone upstream of the gorge, where sediment transport likely limits ongoing adjustments to the anthropogenic cutoff. Results elucidate channel width, slope, discharge, and sediment dynamics consistent with a gradual transition from detachment- to transport-limited incision in fluvial adjustment to local base-level lowering.

Asymptotic behavior of $j$-multiplicities

Let $R= \oplus_{n\in \mathbb{N}_0}R_n$ be a Noetherian homogeneous ring with local base ring $(R_0,\mathfrak{m}_0)$. Let $R_+= \oplus_{n\in \mathbb{N}}R_n$ denote the irrelevant ideal of $R$ and let $M=\oplus_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}M_n$ be a finitely generated graded $R$-module. When $\dim(R_0)\leq 2$ and $\mathfrak{q}_0$ is an arbitrary ideal of $R_0$, we show that the $j$-multiplicity of the graded local cohomology module $j_0({\mathfrak{q}_0},H_{R_+}^i(M)_n)$ has a polynomial behavior for all $n\ll0$.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN SABILULUNGAN 1000 KAMPUNG KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Bandung Regency Government adapted the concept of developing an integrated planning area that utilizes a local base with the spirit of sabilulungan (Sundanese: gotong royong) which tries to integrate various development sectors in one activity called "Sabilulungan 1000 Kampung". After two years of implementing this concept where the villages have begun to be developed, it is necessary to see the level of success through an appropriate evaluation mechanism. This study tries to see how the evaluation of the implementation of this policy is through interviews with purposive sampling to the stakeholders of this program. The analytical method used is to utilize 5 evaluation criteria, namely effectiveness, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and accuracy which is used to see how the program has been running for these 2 years. Based on the analysis, it is seen that although programs and activities have shown a tourist attraction that is built and implemented according to the agreed time, the lack of monitoring and evaluation needs to be improved to get more equitable, precise, and sustainable results. More detailed action plans are needed. and operational and alternative funding schemes can help overcome existing barriers.

Evaluating the Performance of sUAS Photogrammetry with PPK Positioning for Infrastructure Mapping

Traditional acquisition methods for generating digital surface models (DSMs) of infrastructure are either low resolution and slow (total station-based methods) or expensive (LiDAR). By contrast, photogrammetric methods have recently received attention due to their ability to generate dense 3D models quickly for low cost. However, existing frameworks often utilize many manually measured control points, require a permanent RTK/PPK reference station, or yield a reconstruction accuracy too poor to be useful in many applications. In addition, the causes of inaccuracy in photogrammetric imagery are complex and sometimes not well understood. In this study, a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) was used to rapidly image a relatively even, 1 ha ground surface. Model accuracy was investigated to determine the importance of ground control point (GCP) count and differential GNSS base station type. Results generally showed the best performance for tests using five or more GCPs or when a Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) was used, with vertical root mean square errors of 0.026 and 0.027 m in these cases. However, accuracy outputs generally met comparable published results in the literature, demonstrating the viability of analyses relying solely on a temporary local base with a one hour dwell time and no GCPs.

The Psychological Responses of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A Q Methodological Approach

Anxiety among nurses attending patients at the forefront of the global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is on the rise. Accordingly, examining the psychological response of nurses who have attended COVID-19 patients is necessary. This study aimed to categorize and characterize the psychological responses of nurses who have experienced COVID-19 patient care based on the Q methodology. The Q-sample extracted 34 statements, and the P-sample marked 22 nurses who had operated a screening clinic and experienced patient care in the local base hospitals treating COVID-19 using convenience sampling. The findings suggest that nurses who have experienced COVID-19 patient care fall into three categories based on the following psychological responses: (1) fear of social stigma, (2) anxiety about the risk of infection, and (3) burden of infection prevention and control nursing. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study may serve as the basis for emotional support programs that are capable of understanding and mediating the psychological state of nurses who care for patients with COVID-19.

Poblamiento y espacio regado en el sureste de la Huerta de Murcia. Efectos de la DANA de los días 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2019

En el llano de crecida del Segura, en la Depresión Prelitoral, se asientan la Ciudad y Huerta de Murcia. Del siglo IX al XIX, la pequeña agrociudad estaba fosilizada por el río y la huerta. La regulación del Segura y el cambio de modelo económico (más industrias y servicios) facilitan el desarrollo poblacional, así como la expansión de la ciudad y de las pedanías a costa de la huerta. La hipótesis de partida es que la mayor parte del paisaje histórico, construido en la relación río-ciudad-huerta, es hoy un espacio rural periurbano de escaso valor económico, pero de alto valor patrimonial. Y que el sector sureste de la Huerta de Murcia conserva su valor socioeconómico, al permitir al agricultor-regante vivir del cultivo de la tierra. La DANA de los días 12 y 13 de septiembre de 2019, plantea la vulnerabilidad de este espacio y de las gentes que viven en él, por el modo de ocupación del poblamiento, la distribución de las redes de riego y drenaje, el trazado de grandes infraestructuras y la localización de equipamientos. A pesar del Plan de Defensa contra Avenidas, continua la rotura de las motas del río (trenques) y la inundación del llano por los turbiones de cuencas vertientes de los flancos que convergen al nivel de base local. Esta situación de crecida e inundación obliga a una reordenación del territorio. City and Huerta of Murcia are settled on the Segura floodplain, in the Murcian Prelitoral Depression. From IX to XIX centuries, the small agro-city was constrained by the river and the Huerta. The regulation of Segura River and the change of economic model (more industries and services) eased population development, as well as the expansion of the city and districts at the expense of the Huerta. The initial hypothesis is that most of the historical landscape, built in the river-city-garden connection, is today a peri-urban rural space of little economic value, but of high heritage value. Likewise, southeastern sector of Huerta de Murcia retains its socioeconomic value, by allowing the irrigating farmer to live off the cultivation of the land. The 12-13 September 2019 ‘cold front’ shows the vulnerability of this space and people, due to the way of occupation of the population, the distribution of irrigation and drainage networks, the layout of large infrastructure and equipment location. Despite the Flood Defense Plan, the breaking of the river's hillocks (trenques) and the flooding of the plain by the rainwater of watersheds that converge at the local base. This flood situation forces a reorganization of the territory.

Organizacja przejmowania materiałów archiwalnych w Centrali Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie w okresie od 2012 do czerwca 2016 r.

Tekst omawia zmiany, które zaszły w Centrali Archiwum w zakresie organizacji przejmowania materiałów archiwalnych. Omawiając proces, mający największy wpływ na rozmiar przechowywanego zasobu archiwalnego, autor pozwala zapoznać się ze specyfiką działania dużego archiwum z rozproszoną bazą lokalową i brakiem rezerw magazynowych w czasie budowy nowej siedziby Archiwum. Obrazuje skalę nabytków pochodzących z archiwów zakładowych, darowizn i zakupów. Przedstawia również prace nad kolejnymi wersjami Procedury dotyczącej przejmowania materiałów archiwalnych. Organisation of archival material acquisition in the headquarters of the National Archives in Krakow from 2012 until June 2016 The text discusses changes that took place in the headquarters of the Archives concerning the organisation of archival material acquisition. While discussing the process which had the greatest influence on the size of the stored archival resources, the author reveals specific aspects connected with the functioning of a large archive with a dispersed local base and a lack of storage space during the construction of new headquarters. The text depicts the scale of acquisitions from workplace archives, donations and purchases. It also presents work on successive versions of the procedures concerning the acquisition of archival materials.

Smart Soil Monitoring System for Smart Agriculture

Accurate and timely information is crucial to optimize resources. Sensors determine clay, organic matter, moisture, and nutrients of soil. Sensors at various locations are connected using different technologies. Its data will be automatically reported to cloud without any internet connection. Sensors broadcast data to local base stations (LBS) at different ranges of distances using WiFi, LPWAN, LoRa, Bluetooth, etc., and then to central base station (CBS), which is far away. Modulation, coding techniques, and line of sight keeps signal intact. Data from CBS goes to cloud for analysis, visualization, and trend analysis. This helps farmers to get frequent and real-time data without actual need of physical presence. It reduces manpower, water usage, and other costs of agriculture and has positive environmental impact. Integration with other data like weather forecasts gives more precise information. Convergence of technologies, sensors, cloud, automation, etc. without human interaction contributes to IoT.

1.5 Generations of Korean Americans’ Transnational Identity: Stories from four college students

This study explores 1.5-generation Korean Americans’ perception of their identity in the southeastern region of the United States. The study focuses on four college students who immigrated during the middle of their childhood. Data were gathered during a semi-structured interview and were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Informed by a poststructuralist perspective on identity, 1.5-generation immigrants were found to have hybrid ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identities in citizenship status, language choices, and local-base transnational communities. The findings offer implications for educators to understand how immigrant students situate themselves as well as practice literacy differently in specific transnational contexts.