A general-covariant statistical framework capable of describing classical fluctuations of the gravitational field is a thorny open problem in theoretical physics, yet ultimately necessary to understand the nature of the gravitational interaction, and a key to quantum gravity. Inspired by Souriau’s symplectic generalization of the Maxwell–Boltzmann–Gibbs equilibrium in Lie group thermodynamics, we investigate a space–time-covariant formulation of statistical mechanics for parametrized first-order field theories, as a simplified model sharing essential general covariant features with canonical general relativity. Starting from a covariant multi-symplectic phase space formulation, we define a general-covariant notion of Gibbs state in terms of the covariant momentum map associated with the lifted action of the diffeomorphisms group on the extended phase space. We show how such a covariant notion of equilibrium encodes the whole information about symmetry, gauge and dynamics carried by the theory, associated with a canonical spacetime foliation, where the covariant choice of a reference frame reflects in a Lie algebra-valued notion of local temperature. We investigate how physical equilibrium, hence time evolution, emerges from such a state and the role of the gauge symmetry in the thermodynamic description.
Uniqueness of the momentum map
