scholarly journals The Influence of the Toxin Producing Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella (1119/27), on the Feeding and Survival of the Marine Copepod, Acartia tonsa

Harmful Algae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 101890
Author(s):  
Ali H. Abdulhussain ◽  
Kathryn B. Cook ◽  
Andrew D. Turner ◽  
Adam M. Lewis ◽  
Mohamed A. Elsafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Marine Copepod

scholarly journals The Influence of the Toxin-Producing Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella (1119/27), on the Survival and Reproduction of the Marine Copepod, Acartia tonsa, During Prolonged Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Abdulhussain ◽  
Kathryn B. Cook ◽  
Andrew D. Turner ◽  
Adam M. Lewis ◽  
Thomas S. Bibby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Reproductive Impairment ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Copepods can feed on, and may regulate, the blooms of harmful algae (HA), and may also facilitate dinoflagellate blooms by inducing toxin production and through selective grazing. However, exposure to HA may also cause mortality and reproductive impairment in copepods, with detrimental effects at the population-scale. Here we present the toxin profile of the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella (formerly Alexandrium tamarense), and examine how it affects the survival and reproduction of the cosmopolitan marine copepod, Acartia tonsa. Healthy adult copepods were exposed to mono-specific diets of toxic and non-toxic strains of A. catenella (1119/27 and 1119/19, respectively) and non-toxic Rhodomonas sp. for 10 days alongside unfed controls to examine how their survival was influenced by likely HA bloom conditions. Additional 2-day experiments examined how their egg production rate and hatching success were affected by food deprivation, toxic A. catenella, a non-toxic alternative and a mixture of toxic and non-toxic prey, at high and low concentrations. Survival of A. tonsa declined over the 10-day experiment in all treatments but was not significantly lower in the toxic A. catenella treatment; mortality was only significantly enhanced in the unfed animals, which showed 100% mortality after 9 days. Egg production rates and hatching success from females in the unfed and toxic A. catenella treatments were all significantly lower than values observed in females fed Rhodomonas sp. or non-toxic A. catenella. Animals offered 1,000 μg C L–1 of Rhodomonas sp. and a 50:50 mixture of toxic A. catenella and Rhodomonas sp. produced significantly more eggs than animals fed toxic A. catenella alone. These results were not apparent at prey concentrations of 100 μg C L–1. The percentages of eggs to successfully hatch from females offered mono-specific diets of toxic A. catenella were always close to zero. Collectively, our results indicate that adult female A. tonsa can acquire sufficient energy from toxic A. catenella to survive, but suffer reproductive impairment when feeding on this prey alone.

Increased tolerance to oil exposure by the cosmopolitan marine copepod Acartia tonsa

2017 ◽  
Vol 607-608 ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamille Elvstrøm Krause ◽  
Khuong V. Dinh ◽  
Torkel Gissel Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Oil Exposure

scholarly journals The response of the copepod Acartia tonsa to the hydrodynamic cues of small-scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.237297
Author(s):  
Dorsa Elmi ◽  
Donald R. Webster ◽  
David M. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Swimming Kinematics ◽  
Vortex Axis

This study quantifies the behavioral response of a marine copepod (Acartia tonsa) to individual, small-scale, dissipative vortices that are ubiquitous in turbulence. Vortex structures were created in the laboratory using a physical model of a Burgers vortex with characteristics corresponding to typical dissipative vortices that copepods are likely to encounter in the turbulent cascade. To examine the directional response of copepods, vortices were generated with the vortex axis aligned in either horizontal or vertical directions. Tomographic particle image velocimetry was used to measure the volumetric velocity field of the vortex. Three-dimensional copepod trajectories were digitally reconstructed and overlaid on the vortex flow field to quantify A. tonsa’s swimming kinematics relative to the velocity field and to provide insight to the copepod behavioral response to hydrodynamic cues. The data show significant changes in swimming kinematics and an increase in relative swimming velocity and hop frequency with increasing vortex strength. Furthermore, in moderate-to-strong vortices, A. tonsa moved at elevated speed in the same direction as the swirling flow and followed spiral trajectories around the vortex, which would retain the copepod within the feature and increase encounter rates with other similarly behaving Acartia. While changes in swimming kinematics depended on vortex intensity, orientation of the vortex axis showed minimal significant effect. Hop and escape jump densities were largest in the vortex core, which is spatially coincident with the peak in vorticity suggesting that vorticity is the hydrodynamic cue that evokes these behaviors.

scholarly journals Adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification carries a thermal tolerance cost in a marine copepod

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 20210071
Author(s):  
James A. deMayo ◽  
Amanda Girod ◽  
Matthew C. Sasaki ◽  
Hans G. Dam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Cost ◽  
Future Population ◽  
Population Resilience

The ocean is undergoing warming and acidification. Thermal tolerance is affected both by evolutionary adaptation and developmental plasticity. Yet, thermal tolerance in animals adapted to simultaneous warming and acidification is unknown. We experimentally evolved the ubiquitous copepod Acartia tonsa to future combined ocean warming and acidification conditions (OWA approx. 22°C, 2000 µatm CO 2 ) and then compared its thermal tolerance relative to ambient conditions (AM approx. 18°C, 400 µatm CO 2 ). The OWA and AM treatments were reciprocally transplanted after 65 generations to assess effects of developmental conditions on thermal tolerance and potential costs of adaptation. Treatments transplanted from OWA to AM conditions were assessed at the F1 and F9 generations following transplant. Adaptation to warming and acidification, paradoxically, reduces both thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity. These costs of adaptation to combined warming and acidification may limit future population resilience.

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