Large-scale hydrogen energy storage in salt caverns

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
pp. 14265-14277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozarslan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Salt Caverns

Subsea Liquid Energy Storage – The Bridge Between Oil and Energy/Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Mikalsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Ammonia Storage

Abstract This paper demonstrates a pioneering technology adaption for using a membrane-based subsea storage solution for oil/condensate, modified into storing clean energy storage in the form of ammonia (as a hydrogen energy carrier). The immediate application will provide an economical alternative to electrification of offshore platforms, instead of using expensive cables from shore. Storing ammonia at the seabed using innovative subsea storage technologies will dramatically reduce CO2 emissions for offshore assets. The fluid will be stored in a safe manner on the seafloor, protecting both personnel and marine life. The next step will be to include subsea ammonia storage as part of the global logistical value chain, which can power the merchant shipping fleet. Clean ammonia can be produced using renewable resources as wind or solar. It focuses on bridging the ongoing oil/condensate storage qualification, adapted into storing ammonia. The large-scale verification test scope is explained, and we show how the test is extended to also prove the concept of safe energy/ammonia storage. The ammonia storage concept is explained, and we show how this can be included as part of a low carbon future. The focus is the immediate market for providing clean power to existing or new offshore assets. The full system solution will encompass storage tanks placed nearby the platforms at safe water depths, riser systems providing fuel to the ammonia power generators, and the tank filling systems. Bridging and adapting technologies from the petroleum industry into renewables shows the importance of utilizing the technology developments and competence of the oil and gas business. The technical evaluations have shown that the oil/condensate storage can be adapted into storing energy/ammonia with minor modifications. Converting hydrogen into ammonia gives slight energy losses, but it is defended by the large economic benefits of storing ammonia versus pressure storage of hydrogen. The paper presents qualification work already completed and how to implement ammonia fuel storage for platforms. In addition, we show the test setup for a large-scale qualification provided by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) company together with major Operators. Innovative modular design methods have shown that the concept can be included on existing offshore assets, which have limited topside space available. Adding green or blue ammonia as an alternative to power cables from shore have several benefits, and many of the connecting building blocks are falling into place. The main conclusion is how to adapt Novel technologies from the oil industry to store ammonia in a safe way on the seafloor.

Feasibility analysis of using abandoned salt caverns for large-scale underground energy storage in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhe Yang ◽  
Tongtao Wang ◽  
Yinping Li ◽  
Haijun Yang ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Salt Caverns

scholarly journals Salt Cavern Exergy Storage Capacity Potential of UK Massively Bedded Halites, Using Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4728
Author(s):  
David Evans ◽  
Daniel Parkes ◽  
Mark Dooner ◽  
Paul Williamson ◽  
John Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Salt Caverns

The increasing integration of large-scale electricity generation from renewable energy sources in the grid requires support through cheap, reliable, and accessible bulk energy storage technologies, delivering large amounts of electricity both quickly and over extended periods. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) represents such a storage option, with three commercial facilities using salt caverns for storage operational in Germany, the US, and Canada, with CAES now being actively considered in many countries. Massively bedded halite deposits exist in the UK and already host, or are considered for, solution-mined underground gas storage (UGS) caverns. We have assessed those with proven UGS potential for CAES purposes, using a tool developed during the EPSRC-funded IMAGES project, equations for which were validated using operational data from the Huntorf CAES plant. From a calculated total theoretical ‘static’ (one-fill) storage capacity exceeding that of UK electricity demand of ≈300 TWh in 2018, filtering of results suggests a minimum of several tens of TWh exergy storage in salt caverns, which when co-located with renewable energy sources, or connected to the grid for off-peak electricity, offers significant storage contributions to support the UK electricity grid and decarbonisation efforts.

scholarly journals Potential Exergy Storage Capacity of Salt Caverns in the Cheshire Basin Using Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dooner ◽  
Jihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Full Charge

As the number of renewable energy sources connected to the grid has increased, the need to address the intermittency of these sources becomes essential. One solution to this problem is to install energy storage technologies on the grid to provide a buffer between supply and demand. One such energy storage technology is Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), which is suited to large-scale, long-term energy storage. Large scale CAES requires underground storage caverns, such as the salt caverns situated in the Cheshire Basin, UK. This study uses cavern data from the Cheshire Basin as a basis for performing an energy and exergy analysis of 10 simulated CAES systems to determine the exergy storage potential of the caverns in the Cheshire Basin and the associated work and power input and output. The analysis revealed that a full charge of all 10 caverns could store 25.32 GWh of exergy, which can be converted to 23.19 GWh of work, which requires 43.27 GWh of work to produce, giving a round trip efficiency of around 54%. This corresponds to an input power of 670.07 GW and an output power of 402.74 GW. The Cheshire Basin could support around 100 such CAES plants, giving a potential total exergy storage capacity of 2.53 TWh and a power output of 40 TW. This is a significant amount of storage which could be used to support the UK grid. The total exergy destroyed during a full charge, store, and discharge cycle for each cavern ranged from 299.02 MWh to 1600.00 MWh.

Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽  
Kim Choon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Back Plate

Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

Metal/Hydrogen Energy Storage: Selected Technical Issues

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Mosier-Boss ◽  
S. J. Szpak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Technical Issues
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