Infection with Saint Louis encephalitis virus in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil: report of one case

The dengue virus (DENV), which is frequently involved in large epidemics, and the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is responsible for sporadic sylvatic outbreaks, are considered the most important flaviviruses circulating in Brazil. Because of that, laboratorial diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illness during epidemic periods is frequently directed towards these viruses, which may eventually hinder the detection of other circulating flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), which is widely dispersed across the Americas. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular investigation of 11 flaviviruses using 604 serum samples obtained from patients during a large dengue fever outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Simultaneously, 3,433 female Culex spp. collected with Nasci aspirators in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2013, and allocated to 409 pools containing 1-10 mosquitoes, were also tested by multiplex semi-nested reverse transcription PCR for the same flaviviruses. SLEV was detected in three patients co-infected with DENV-4 from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. One of them was a triple co-infection with DENV-1. None of them mentioned recent travel or access to sylvatic/rural regions, indicating that transmission might have occurred within the metropolitan area. Regarding mosquito samples, one pool containing one Culex quinquefasciatus female was positive for SLEV, with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.29 per 1000 specimens of this species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates both human and mosquito SLEV cluster, with isolates from genotype V-A obtained from animals in the Amazon region, in the state of Pará. This is the first report of SLEV molecular identification in MT.

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Improvement of the purification of Saint Louis encephalitis virus NS2B-NS3 recombinant protease expressed in Escherichia coli

Journal of Chromatography B ◽

10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.035 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 868 (1-2) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Boris Pastorino ◽

Dominique Rolland ◽

Christophe N. Peyrefitte ◽

Nathalie Wurtz ◽

Lionel Almeras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis

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Virulence variation among epidemic and non-epidemic strains of Saint Louis encephalitis virus circulating in Argentina

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/0074-0276130475 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

María Elisa Rivarola ◽

Laura Beatriz Tauro ◽

Guillermo Albrieu Llinás ◽

Marta Silvia Contigiani

Keyword(s):

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis ◽

Virulence Variation

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Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus, Brazil

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1301.060905 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 176-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Adriano Mondini ◽

Izabela Lídia Soares Cardeal ◽

Eduardo Lázaro ◽

Silva H. Nunes ◽

Cibele C. Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis

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Serological survey for Saint Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in domestic mammals in Córdoba, Argentina: are our pets potential sentinels?

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-020-04719-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 (9) ◽

pp. 2079-2082

Author(s):

Luisina Currenti ◽

Paula Tasca ◽

María del Pilar Díaz ◽

Marta Contigiani ◽

Lorena Spinsanti

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Serological Survey ◽

West Nile ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis

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Thiosemicarbazones and Phthalyl-Thiazoles compounds exert antiviral activity against yellow fever virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carolina Colombelli Pacca ◽

Rafael Elias Marques ◽

José Wanderlan P. Espindola ◽

Gevânio B.O.Oliveira Filho ◽

Ana Cristina Lima Leite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis

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A Computational Assay to Design an Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus

Bioinformatics and Biology Insights ◽

10.4137/bbi.s13402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. BBI.S13402 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Anayet Hasan ◽

Mehjabeen Hossain ◽

Jibran Alam

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

In Silico ◽

Peptide Vaccine ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Peptide Sequence ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Protein Database ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Saint Louis Encephalitis

Saint Louis encephalitis virus, a member of the flaviviridae subgroup, is a culex mosquito-borne pathogen. Despite severe epidemic outbreaks on several occasions, not much progress has been made with regard to an epitope-based vaccine designed for Saint Louis encephalitis virus. The envelope proteins were collected from a protein database and analyzed with an in silico tool to identify the most immunogenic protein. The protein was then verified through several parameters to predict the T-cell and B-cell epitopes. Both T-cell and B-cell immunity were assessed to determine that the protein can induce humoral as well as cell-mediated immunity. The peptide sequence from 330–336 amino acids and the sequence REYCYEATL from the position 57 were found as the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. Furthermore, as an RNA virus, one important thing was to establish the epitope as a conserved one; this was also done by in silico tools, showing 63.51% conservancy. The epitope was further tested for binding against the HLA molecule by computational docking techniques to verify the binding cleft epitope interaction. However, this is a preliminary study of designing an epitope-based peptide vaccine against Saint Louis encephalitis virus; the results awaits validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

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