Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.

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Lasiodiplodia theobromae: A NEW HOST AND A REVISION OF PLANT HOSTS REPORTED IN BRAZIL

Agrotrópica (Itabuna) ◽

10.21757/0103-3816.2012v24n1p63-66 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Nadja Santos Vitoria ◽

Maria Auxiliadora Q. Cavalcanti ◽

José Luiz Bezerra

Keyword(s):

New Host ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Plant Hosts

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A New Host Lattice Built of the Werner-Type Copper(I,II) Cyanide Complex Involving a Macrocyclic Ligand

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19980622 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 622-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hidetaka Yuge ◽

Takayoshi Soma ◽

Takeshi Ken Miyamoto

Keyword(s):

Macrocyclic Ligand ◽

Host Lattice ◽

Macrocyclic Complex ◽

Monoclinic Space Group ◽

Cyanide Complex ◽

New Host ◽

Space Group

Crystals of a new clathrate [CuII(hmtd)CuI(CN)3]·CH2Cl2 were afforded from a Me2CO-EtOH-CH2Cl2 solution of a macrocyclic complex CuII(hmtd)CuI(CN)3·2 H2O (hmtd = 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl- 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca- 4,11-diene). It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 7.936(5), b = 18.717(4), c = 17.783(6) Å, β = 98.55(4)°, Z = 4, R = 0.0558 for 1 870 reflections. Unprecedentedly, only one of the three nitrogen-ends of a CuI(CN)3 moiety is coordinated to the square-pyramidal Cu(II) center. The guest CH2Cl2 molecules are captured in the channel between the potlid-shaped [CuII(hmtd)CuI(CN)3] molecules.

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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoab030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luz Garcia-Longoria ◽

Jaime Muriel ◽

Sergio Magallanes ◽

Zaira Hellen Villa-Galarce ◽

Leonila Ricopa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Bird Species ◽

Host Community ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

New Host ◽

Parasite Richness ◽

Haemosporidian Parasites ◽

Avian Haemosporidians ◽

Host Parasite

Abstract Characterizing the diversity and structure of host-parasite communities is crucial to understanding their eco-evolutionary dynamics. Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible for fitness loss and mortality in bird species worldwide. However, despite exhibiting the greatest ornithological biodiversity, avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite unexplored. Here, we analyse the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversity of parasite lineages and bird species across five well-differentiated Peruvian ecoregions. We detected 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird species. We showed that 25 out of the 70 haplotypes had not been previously recorded. Moreover, we also identified 81 new host – parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian parasites. Our outcomes revealed that the effective diversity (as well as the richness, abundance, and Shannon-Weaver index) for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ecoregions. Furthermore, we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had high parasite richness, hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite richness. Generalist parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity, implying that the abundance and richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian parasites. These outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified haemosporidian lineages. Further studies analysing host distribution and specificity of these parasites in the tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships, phylogeography, and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

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Testing automatic methods to predict free binding energy of host–guest complexes in SAMPL7 challenge

Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design ◽

10.1007/s10822-020-00370-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 209-222

Author(s):

Dylan Serillon ◽

Carles Bo ◽

Xavier Barril

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Binding Free Energy ◽

Binding Mode ◽

Specific System ◽

New Host ◽

Guest Molecules ◽

Host Guest Complex ◽

Automatic Methods ◽

Material Sciences ◽

Fundamental Direction

AbstractThe design of new host–guest complexes represents a fundamental challenge in supramolecular chemistry. At the same time, it opens new opportunities in material sciences or biotechnological applications. A computational tool capable of automatically predicting the binding free energy of any host–guest complex would be a great aid in the design of new host systems, or to identify new guest molecules for a given host. We aim to build such a platform and have used the SAMPL7 challenge to test several methods and design a specific computational pipeline. Predictions will be based on machine learning (when previous knowledge is available) or a physics-based method (otherwise). The formerly delivered predictions with an RMSE of 1.67 kcal/mol but will require further work to identify when a specific system is outside of the scope of the model. The latter is combines the semiempirical GFN2B functional, with docking, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamics. Correct predictions (RMSE of 1.45 kcal/mol) are contingent on the identification of the correct binding mode, which can be very challenging for host–guest systems with a large number of degrees of freedom. Participation in the blind SAMPL7 challenge provided fundamental direction to the project. More advanced versions of the pipeline will be tested against future SAMPL challenges.

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Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1127

Author(s):

Shanley N. Roach ◽

Ryan A. Langlois

Keyword(s):

Rna Viruses ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Avian Species ◽

Future Research ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Extensive Disease ◽

New Host ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Common Causes ◽

New Host Species

Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a given species as well as to new host species becomes increasingly important. Here, we review the current understanding of astrovirus transmission, the factors that influence viral spread, and the potential for cross-species transmission. Additionally, we highlight the current gaps in knowledge and areas of future research that will be key to understanding astrovirus transmission and zoonotic potential.

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