scholarly journals Increased Risk of Cranial Nerve Palsy in 10-Year Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer After Primary Surgery and Adjuvant Radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1392-1393
Author(s):  
Y. Dong ◽  
J.A. Ridge ◽  
T. Li ◽  
T.M. Churilla ◽  
M. Lango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Automated Non-Coplanar VMAT for Dose Escalation in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1910
Author(s):  
Kaley Woods ◽  
Robert K. Chin ◽  
Kiri A. Cook ◽  
Ke Sheng ◽  
Amar U. Kishan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue Complication Probability ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Tumor Control Probability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recurrent Head

This study evaluates the potential for tumor dose escalation in recurrent head and neck cancer (rHNC) patients with automated non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) planning (HyperArc). Twenty rHNC patients are planned with conventional VMAT SBRT to 40 Gy while minimizing organ-at-risk (OAR) doses. They are then re-planned with the HyperArc technique to match these minimal OAR doses while escalating the target dose as high as possible. Then, we compare the dosimetry, tumor control probability (TCP), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for the two plan types. Our results show that the HyperArc technique significantly increases the mean planning target volume (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) doses by 10.8 ± 4.4 Gy (25%) and 11.5 ± 5.1 Gy (26%) on average, respectively. There are no clinically significant differences in OAR doses, with maximum dose differences of <2 Gy on average. The average TCP is 23% (± 21%) higher for HyperArc than conventional plans, with no significant differences in NTCP for the brainstem, cord, mandible, or larynx. HyperArc can achieve significant tumor dose escalation while maintaining minimal OAR doses in the head and neck—potentially enabling improved local control for rHNC SBRT patients without increased risk of treatment-related toxicities.

scholarly journals Dental Restrictions to Clinical Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110003
Author(s):  
T.M. Nguyen ◽  
U. Tonmukayakul ◽  
H. Calache
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dental Profession

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted essential oral healthcare in Australia. Sources for COVID-19 transmission via dental settings is considered to have high potential due to the production of aerosols and because transmission can occur through the airborne route. However, COVID-19 cases in dentistry is reportedly low. Delayed timely dental care, where severe oral diseases remain undetected, untreated, or asymptomatic such as advanced dental caries, periodontitis, and head and neck cancer, can have detrimental consequences for individuals at increased risk for oral diseases. The dental profession should remain vigilant and advocate for the continuation of essential oral healthcare even in times of uncertainty. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The reportedly low COVID-19 transmission occurring in dental settings highlight achievements made by the dental profession. There are valid reasons to reconsider risk-based essential oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.

NF-κB1 intronic region polymorphisms as risk factor for head and neck cancer in HPV-infected population from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Sarwar ◽  
Muammad Usman Tareen ◽  
Maimoona Sabir ◽  
Aneesa Sultan ◽  
Salman A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) developed due to the number of risk factors, including infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The genetic predisposition also plays an important role in deregulating the NF-κB pathway, and certain polymorphisms are reported to affect the pathway genes. Objectives: The present study was conducted for the detection of HPV and polymorphisms in the NF-κB1 gene of HNC patients in the Pakistani population. Methods: Genomic DNA from HNC tumors samples were extracted using the Exgene SV DNA extraction Kit. Allele-specific PCR and direct sequencing were done for analysis of NF-κB1 SNPs, 94ins/del (rs28362491), rs1598858, and rs4648068. Results: The genotypes AG (36.2%/ 12%) of rs1598858, and AG (28.3%/ 12%) and GG (28.3%/ 22%) of rs4648068 were associated with significantly (p≤0.05) increased risk of head and neck cancer in studied population. Furthermore, among the HNC cases, genotypes AGrs1598858 (p≤0.014) and GGrs4648068 (p≤0.001) had increased risk of HPV related cancers. Tobacco use (OR-3.158442; [1.140, 8.754]), lymph nodes involvement (OR 4.05128; [1.854, 8.852]), and poorly differentiated tumors (OR 1.997155; [0.940, 4.245]) were positively associated with HPV induced cancers. Conclusion: It was the first comprehensive study from Pakistan, to evaluate the polymorphic variants of NF-κB1. Genotypes AGrs4648068, GGrs4648068, and AGrs1598858 of NF-κB1 gene are associated with increased risk of head and neck cancers in the Pakistani population. It can be concluded that HPV infection, lymph nodes and tobacco use can act synergetic to each other and add up in modulating HNC when present together with intronic SNPs of NF-κB1 gene.

Significance of Cyclin D1 Polymorphisms in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Sabir ◽  
Ruqia Mehmood Baig ◽  
Ishrat Mahjabeen ◽  
Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Increased Risk

Cyclin D1 plays a key role in cell cycle control, particularly in the transition from G1 to S phase, regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases. The objective of the present study was to screen the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) for polymorphisms in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 380 HNC patients and 350 controls. In a hospital-based case-control study using the PCR-SSCP technique we found 3 novel germline mutations: g3578C>A, g3475G>C and g3383delA. The commonly reported guanine to adenine polymorphisms in exon 4 g7656G>A (rs9344) and g10861C>A (rs7177) in 3′UTR of CCND1 were also observed. The calculated frequencies of the g7656G>A (rs9344) polymorphism in GG, GA and AA genotypes were 27.3%, 38.6%, and 33.9% in HNC cases, and 44.2%, 29.4%, and 26.2% in normal healthy controls, respectively. Adjusted by age (in years), sex and smoking status, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the AA and GA genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.64, p=0.028) for HNC. The CCND1 AA genotype variant was associated with an increased risk in individuals who were <40 years old (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.08, p=0.04). In conclusion, it is suggested that the CCND1 G/A polymorphism is associated with the early onset of HNC and may contribute to HNC susceptibility in a Pakistani population.

scholarly journals Protocol for the trismus trial—therabite versus wooden spatula in the amelioration of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: randomised pilot study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e021938
Author(s):  
Rana Lee ◽  
Alex Molassiotis ◽  
Simon N Rogers ◽  
Rhiannon Tudor Edwards ◽  
David Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Open Label ◽  
North West ◽  
Primary Surgery

IntroductionPatients can develop trismus from their head and neck cancer or as a result of treatment. Trismus affects the jaw muscles and makes mouth opening difficult. To potentially combat trismus, patients could undertake proactive jaw stretching exercises prior to, during and after radiotherapy, although currently these are not the standard of care.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, open-label, controlled, two-centre feasibility study, to assess the objective and subjective effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of therabite use compared with wooden spatula in ameliorating trismus in patients treated for stage 3 and 4 oral and oropharyngeal cancer, managed either by primary surgery followed by (chemo)radiotherapy or primary (chemo)radiotherapy. The principal objective assessment is measurement of maximum jaw opening. Assessments in all cases will be performed preradiotherapy and again at 3 and 6 months postintervention.Secondary aims of the study will be (1) to assess whether therabite or the wooden spatula intervention improves patients’ quality of life, (2) reduce the level of post-treatment clinical management/healthcare use and (3) a nested qualitative study will explore the experience of the patient taking part in the intervention; data will be transcribed verbatim and analysis will be based on content analysis methods using the interview questions as the framework for examination.Ethics and disseminationNorth West Greater Manchester granted ethical approval (REC Reference 11/NW/0744). Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki have been adhered to. The results will be presented internationally and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Head and neck cancer charities and information websites will also be approached.Trial registration numberNCT01733797.

Increased risk of head and neck cancer in Agent Orange exposed Vietnam Era veterans

Oral Oncology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 104483
Author(s):  
Alia Mowery ◽  
Michael Conlin ◽  
Daniel Clayburgh
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vietnam Era

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Guidelines for Management of Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Crosby ◽  
Arun Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective Due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, otolaryngologists face novel challenges when treating patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the treatment of these patients during this pandemic and to provide evidence-based recommendations with attention to increased risk in this setting. Data Sources A review of the literature was performed with PubMed. Because recently published articles on this topic may not yet be indexed into PubMed, otolaryngology journals were hand searched for relevant articles. Guidelines from national organizations were reviewed to identify additional relevant sources of information. Review Methods Two groups of search terms were created: one with terms related to COVID-19 and another with terms related to head and neck cancer and its management. Searches were performed of all terms in each group as well as combinations of terms between groups. Searches and subsequent exclusion of articles were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Additional articles were identified after relevant journals and guidelines from national organizations were reviewed. Conclusions Patients with head and neck mucosal malignancy require continued treatment despite the current pandemic state. Care must be taken at all stages of treatment to minimize the risk to patients and health care workers while maintaining focus on minimizing use of limited resources. Implications for Practice Patient care plans should be guided by best available evidence to optimize outcomes while maintaining a safe environment in the setting of this pandemic.

scholarly journals Haplotype analysis of XRCC2 gene polymorphisms and association with increased risk of head and neck cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Saeed ◽  
Ishrat Mahjabeen ◽  
Romana Sarwar ◽  
Kashif Bashir ◽  
Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Functional Outcomes after Transoral Robotic Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim A. Iseli ◽  
Brian D. Kulbersh ◽  
Claire E. Iseli ◽  
William R. Carroll ◽  
Eben L. Rosenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Transoral Robotic Surgery ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional outcomes following transoral robotic surgery for head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with planned data collection. SETTING: Academic hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and December 2008, 54 of 62 candidate patients underwent transoral robotic tumor resection. Outcomes include airway management, swallowing (MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory), and enterogastric feeding. RESULTS: Tumors were most commonly oropharynx (61%) or larynx (22%) and T1 (35%) or T2 (44%). Many received radiotherapy (22% preoperatively, 41% postoperatively) and chemotherapy (31%). Endotracheal intubation was retained (22%) for up to 48 hours, tracheostomy less frequently (9%), and all were decannulated by 14 days. Most commenced oral intake prior to discharge (69%) or within two weeks (83%). A worse postoperative Dysphagia Inventory score was associated with retained feeding tube ( P = 0.020), age >60 ( P = 0.017), higher T stage ( P = 0.009), laryngeal site ( P = 0.017), and complications ( P = 0.035). At a mean 12 months' follow-up, 17 percent retained a feeding tube (9.5% among primary cases). Retained feeding tube was associated with preoperative tube requirement ( P = 0.017), higher T stage ( P = 0.043), oropharyngeal/laryngeal site ( P = 0.034), and recurrent/second primary tumor ( P = 0.008). Complications including airway edema (9%), aspiration (6%), bleeding (6%), and salivary fistula (2%) were managed without major sequelae. CONCLUSION: Transoral robotic surgery provides an emerging alternative for selected primary and salvage head and neck tumors with low morbidity and acceptable functional outcomes. Patients with advanced T stage, laryngeal or oropharyngeal site, and preoperative enterogastric feeding may be at increased risk of enterogastric feeding and poor swallowing outcomes.

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