scholarly journals A network evolution model for the anisotropic Mullins effect in carbon black filled rubbers

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 2967-2977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Dargazany ◽  
Mikhail Itskov
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chu ◽  
Ji Lin ◽  
Dong Lei ◽  
Jin Qian ◽  
Rui Xiao

The stress-softening phenomenon, named as the Mullins effect, can widely occur in filled rubbers after cyclic loading and unloading conditions. The reloading curve is typically below the initial loading curve unless the applied strain exceeds the previously applied maximum strain. Experimental observations have also shown that the Mullins effect can be recovered by annealing the pre-deformed filled rubbers at a high temperature while the recovery level strongly depends on the annealing time and temperature. In this work, we develop a theoretical model to describe the recovery of the Mullins effect by incorporating the dynamic scission and recovery of polymer chains into the eight-chain model. Experiments have also been performed on two types of filled rubbers to validate the theory. The results show that the model is able to capture the main features of the experimental observations including the Mullins effect of virgin specimens and the recovery of the Mullins effect of pre-deformed specimens subjected to different annealed conditions.


PAMM ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10993-10994
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Dargazany ◽  
Mikhail Itskov

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Shao ◽  
Feng

The evolution of a collaborative innovation network depends on the interrelationships among the innovation subjects. Every single small change affects the network topology, which leads to different evolution results. A logical relationship exists between network evolution and innovative behaviors. An accurate understanding of the characteristics of the network structure can help the innovative subjects to adopt appropriate innovative behaviors. This paper summarizes the three characteristics of collaborative innovation networks, knowledge transfer, policy environment, and periodic cooperation, and it establishes a dynamic evolution model for a resource-priority connection mechanism based on innovation resource theory. The network subjects are not randomly testing all of the potential partners, but have a strong tendency to, which is, innovation resource. The evolution process of a collaborative innovation network is simulated with three different government behaviors as experimental objects. The evolution results show that the government should adopt the policy of supporting the enterprises that recently entered the network, which can maintain the innovation vitality of the network and benefit the innovation output. The results of this study also provide a reference for decision-making by the government and enterprises.


1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Kraus

Abstract It is shown that various modulus values of carbon black reinforced rubber are functions of the product of the actual black loading and a structure dependent factor. The structure factor appears to be a linear function of the so-called 24M4 value of the dibutylphthalate absorption and is independent of elongation, temperature, and degree of cross-linking over the ranges covered by the data reported. An interpretation of the results is offered based on the idea of polymer occluded in the interstices of primary structure aggregates and thereby shielded from deformation. Structure-concentration equivalence can only be demonstrated with carbon blacks differing in (primary) structure alone. Deviations are observed whenever the carbon blacks compared vary significantly in specific surface area and surface chemical activity.


Author(s):  
István Fazekas ◽  
Attila Barta ◽  
Csaba Noszály ◽  
Bettina Porvázsnyik

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