A comprehensive review of fruit and vegetable classification techniques

Ozone to Overcome Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin in Grains: Opportunities and Challenges of Implementation

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v40n2.2021.p149-158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Nikmatul Hidayah ◽

Christina Winarti ◽

Usman Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Quality And Shelf Life

Ozone can be used as an alternative to control mold and aflatoxins in grains that is more eco-friendly because it does not leave residues that are harmful for humans, animals and environment. The use of ozone was quite effective in reducing mold and aflatoxin in grains such as barley, whole wheat, corn and rice. In Indonesia, ozone was limited used for sterilization of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, the comprehensive review on the potential of ozone in grains is needed, especially on the priority commodities of agricultural development in Indonesia, such as rice and corn. The objective of this review was to examine the opportunities of ozone to reduce Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in grains, so that it can improve its quality and shelf life. Many studies showed that the use of ozone reduced Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in grains by 50-90%. Keywords: Grains, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, ozone AbstrakOZON UNTUK MENGATASI CEMARAN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS DAN AFLATOKSIN PADA BIJI-BIJIAN: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASIOzon dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengendalian cendawan dan aflatoksin pada biji-bijian yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena tidak meninggalkan residu yang berbahaya bagi manusia, hewan, maupun lingkungan. Penggunaan ozon cukup efektif mengurangi kontaminasi cendawan dan aflatoksin pada bijibijian seperti barley, biji gandum, jagung, dan beras. Di Indonesia, ozon digunakan secara terbatas untuk proses pencucian beberapa jenis buah dan sayuran. Oleh karena itu diperlukan telaah lebih lanjut mengenai potensi penggunaan ozon pada biji-bijian terutama komoditas strategis yang menjadi prioritas dalam pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia seperti padi dan jagung. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menelaah peluang penggunaan ozon dalam mengurangi kontaminasi Aspergillus flavus dan cemaran aflatoksin pada produk biji-bijian, sehingga diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kualitas dan meningkatkan umur simpan produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan ozon dapat menurunkan cemaran A. flavus dan aflatoksin pada biji-bijian sampai 50-90%. Kata kunci: Biji-bijian, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoksin, ozon

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Review on EMG Acquisition and Classification Techniques: Towards Zero Retraining in the Influence of User and Arm Position Independence

International Journal of Integrated Engineering ◽

10.30880/ijie.2021.13.04.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Zinvi Fu ◽

◽

A. Y. Bani Hashim ◽

Z. Jamaludin ◽

I. S. Mohamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrode Placement ◽

Single Subject ◽

Practical Application ◽

Hand Gestures ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Classification Techniques ◽

Gesture Classification ◽

Single User ◽

Machine Control ◽

Practical Sense

The surface electromyogram (EMG) is widely studied and applied in machine control. Recent methods of classifying hand gestures reported classification rates of over 95%. However, the majority of the studies made were performed on a single user, focusing solely on the gesture classification. These studies are restrictive in practical sense: either focusing on just gestures, multi-user compatibility, or rotation independence. The variations in EMG signals due to these conditions present a challenge to the practical application of EMG devices, often requiring repetitious training per application. To the best of our knowledge, there is little comprehensive review of works done in EMG classification in the combined influence of user-independence, rotation and hand exchange. Therefore, in this paper we present a review of works related to the practical issues of EMG with a focus on the EMG placement, and recent acquisition and computing techniques to reduce training. First, we provided an overview of existing electrode placement schemes. Secondly, we compared the techniques and results of single-subject against multi-subject, multi-position settings. As a conclusion, the study of EMG classification in this direction is relatively new. However the results are encouraging and strongly indicate that EMG classification in a broad range of people and tolerance towards arm orientation is possible, and can pave way for more flexible EMG devices.

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