Differential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity of transplanted mesenchymal vs. hematopoietic stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivasami Pulavendran ◽  
Jayarajan Vignesh ◽  
Chellan Rose
Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690-1690
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Herrbrich ◽  
Todd E. Meyerrose ◽  
Jan A. Nolta

Abstract Exogenous stem cells such as human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been reported to be applicable for tissue repair, as in the case of chronic liver injury. However, one of the limitations in achieving high enough level of stem cell engraftment at these damaged sites is the low level of recruitment of exogenous stem cells. Our goals in the current studies are to enhance recruitment of human MSC to sites of tissue damage and to equip the MSC with high enzymatic activity to digest through areas of fibrosis surrounding of the damaged tissue, in this case, an immune deficient mouse model of CCl4-mediated liver damage as we have previously reported (Wang et al, 2003). Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with hypoxia significantly increased the levels of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-met. Since HGF is both a growth factor and a chemotactic agent found at high levels within sites of hypoxic liver injury, we hypothesized that pre-treatment of MSC with hypoxia would increase the expression of c-met and thus, would enhance the sensitivity of MSC to the chemotactic effect of HGF. First, we demonstrated that in the absence of serum and any exogenous growth factor, a 16-hr hypoxic treatment of MSC increased the total cellular protein level of c-met, as well as the total cellular phosphotyrosine activity following HGF stimulation. 3T3 fibroblasts engineered to secrete human HGF were plated in the bottom well of the transmigration assay and human PKH26-labeled MSC pre-incubated in hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions were added to the upper transwell. Transmigrated cells were enumerated after 3 hours to measure the functional role of c-met induction. Preliminary results show enhanced directional transmigration of hypoxia pre- treated MSC toward an HGF gradient, when compared to normoxic treated MSC. Next, we addressed the issue of liver fibrosis as a possible physical barrier that could block the entry of exogenously recruited MSC into the sites of liver damage. We demonstrated that the combination of hypoxia and HGF modulated the degree of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp2 and mmp9) activity in MSC. In addition, recent studies identified the presence of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on hematopoietic stem cells. We show here for the first time, that uPAR can also be found on MSC. Ongoing studies are assessing the changes in uPAR and uPA activity following hypoxic culture. We hypothesize that changes in MMP and uPA activity can affect the ability of MSC to engraft/lodge within the fibrotic tissue. In conclusion, we propose that the pre-treatment of MSC with hypoxia and HGF might not only enhance the migration of exogenous stem cells to the site of liver damage but also enhance their ability to degrade the accumulated fibrosis at sites of injury for entry into the regions of damaged tissue.


Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679-1679
Author(s):  
Eri Miyata ◽  
Masahiro Masuya ◽  
Fumihiko Ishikawa ◽  
Shuro Yoshida ◽  
Keizo Kato ◽  
...  

Abstract Hepatic stellate cells are believed to play a key role in the development of liver fibrosis. They undergo a gradual transition from a quiescent, fat-storing phenotype to an activated myofibroblast-like phenotype and then produce high amount of extracellular matrix such as collagen by liver injury. They express mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and desmin, or neural/neuroectodermal markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Based on the characteristic phenotype, the embryonic origin of stellate cells is thought to be the septum transversum mesenchyme or neural crest. However, their origin in the adult liver is still unknown. Recently, several studies have reported that crude bone marrow (BM) cells can give rise to hepatic stellate cells. However, since adult BM cells are thought to contain hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, it is important to clarify which type of stem cells is the true source of hepatic stellate cells. We hypothesized that hepatic stellate cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells. To test this hypothesis, we generated chimeric mice by transplantation of singe enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-marked hematopoietic stem cells (Lin− Sca-1+ c-kit+ CD34− cells) into lethally irradiated nontransgenic mice and examined the histology of liver tissues obtained from chimeric mice with carbon tetrahydrochloride (CCl4)-induced injury. Following 12 weeks treatment of CCl4, hepatic nodules and bridging fibrosis developed in all livers. We detected EGFP+ cells in the liver and some of them contained intracytoplasmic lipid droplets, which were proved by oil red O staining. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 60% of EGFP+ cells were negative for leukocyte common antigen (CD45); however, they expressed vimentin, GFAP and ADAMTS-13, which is a circulating zinc metalloproteinase synthesized in hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, nonparenchymal cell populations were isolated from the livers of chimeric mice with CCl4 treatment and were incubated on noncoated glass slides for 3 days. EGFP+ cells were also positive for type I collagen. These phenotypes are consistent with those of hepatic stellate cells. Our findings suggest that hematopoietic stem cells contribute to the generation of hepatic stellate cells upon liver injury.


2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Yannaki ◽  
Evangelia Athanasiou ◽  
Angeliki Xagorari ◽  
Varnavas Constantinou ◽  
Ioannis Batsis ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
И.Ю. Маклакова ◽  
Д.Ю. Гребнев

Цель работы - изучение влияния сочетанной трансплантации мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток на регенерацию печени в физиологических условиях и в условиях токсического гепатита. Методика. Эксперименты выполнены на 84 белых лабораторных мышах-самцах, возраст 7-8 мес. Токсический гепатит вызывали внутрибрюшинным введением четыреххлористого углерода (CCl4 в дозе 50 мкг/кг. Животным опытной группы в хвостовую вену вводили мультипотентные мезенхимальные стромальные (ММСК, 4 млн клеток/кг) и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки (ГСК, 330 тыс. клеток/кг). Для инъекции полученные клетки суспендировали в 0,2 мл 0,9 % раствора NaCl. Животным контрольной группы внутривенно вводили 0,2 мл 0,9 % раствора NaCl. Внутривенные введения осуществляли через 1 ч после введения четыреххлористого углерода однократно. Для трансплантации использовали ММСК третьего пассажа, а ГСК не подвергались культивированию. Изучали влияние сочетанной трансплантации ММСК и ГСК на биохимические показатели периферической крови и морфометрические показатели печени в физиологических условиях и после введения CCl4 на 1-е, 3-и, 7-е сут. Результаты. Показано, что проведение сочетанной трансплантации мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при токсическом гепатите приводило к снижению активности ферментов цитолиза, активации белоксинтезирующей функции печени. Также отмечалось увеличение количества гепатоцитов, повышение митотической активности, что указывает на активацию внутриклеточной регенерации. Обнаруженное увеличение числа двуядерных гепатоцитов, размеров ядра, ядерно-цитоплазматического соотношения говорит об усилении процесса внутриклеточной регенерации в печени. The aim of the work was studying the effect of combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal and hematopoietic stem cells on regeneration of the liver under the physiological conditions and in toxic hepatitis. Methods. Experiments were performed on 84 white laboratory male mice aged 7-8 months. Toxic hepatitis was induced by administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 50 µg/kg, i.p. Mice were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received caudal vein injections of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MMSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) derived from the placenta chorion of female mice at respective doses of 4M cells/kg and 330K cells/kg suspended in 0.2 ml of 0.9% NaCl. Control animals were given 0.2 ml of 0.9 % NaCl, i.v. Intravenous injections were performed once 1 hour following the administration of carbon tetrachloride. MMSCs of the third passage were used for transplantation, while transplanted HSCs were not cultured. Effects of the combined MMSC and HSC transplantation on blood biochemistry and liver morphometry were studied under the physiological conditions and at 1, 3, and 7 days after administration of CCl4. Results. In toxic hepatitis, the combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal and hematopoietic stem cells resulted in decreased activity of cytolytic enzymes, activation of hepatic protein synthesis, increased number of hepatocytes, and increased mitotic activity indicative of activation of intracellular regeneration. Increases in the number of binuclear hepatocytes, nucleus size, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio suggested an enhancement of intracellular regeneration in the liver.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Hirai ◽  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Tajhal Dayaram ◽  
Christopher Hetherington ◽  
Shin-ichi Mizuno ◽  
...  

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