scholarly journals Cost of Long-Distance Energy Transmission by Different Carriers.

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103495
Author(s):  
Daniel DeSantis ◽  
Brian D. James ◽  
Cassidy Houchins ◽  
Genevieve Saur ◽  
Maxim Lyubovsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Long Distance

Economics of long-distance energy transmission

1948 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-955
Author(s):  
R. E. Pierce ◽  
E. E. George
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals The Modeling and Analysis of a Power Transmission Line Supplied by a Solar Power Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Erol Can
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Line System ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Direct Voltage

This article deals with the energy transmission line system which feeds from solar energy at the MATLAB Simulink. So, direct voltage is considered to be converted as an alternating voltage by a 35-level inverter after the solar power plant which has the power of 110 MW an produce 360 kV of direct voltage. A line which covers 240 km of distance is preferred to transmit electrical power from the A1 point to an A2 point. Due to this, the required mathematical equations are calculated with a circuit analyzing method for the line modeling in the simulation. Experiments on the model are carried out at the MATLAB Simulink after the creation of an energy transmission line. After that, when measurements are made taking into consideration the A2 node; the capacitor voltage, the transformer current, the A2 node current, and the fault current, values are given according to the converted voltage at the frequencies of 100 Hz, 80 Hz, and 50 Hz. The obtained results demonstrate the success of the proposed line system, while power is distributed with eliminated fault at a long distance at different frequencies.

scholarly journals Wireless Energy Transmission Link Optimization considering Microwave Energy Relay

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuanming Song ◽  
Yajie Liu ◽  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Power Transmission ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Transmission Link

With the widespread application of intelligent unmanned units and the development of wireless energy transmission technology, it has become an urgent requirement in the field of using wireless power transmission to extend the continuous working time of unmanned units. To improve the wireless transmission energy efficiency in practical application as much as possible based on the current development level of wireless transmission technology, this paper first enumerates and analyzes existing wireless energy supply methods and shows that microwave wireless energy transmission technology is most suitable in this study. Then, the necessity of power transmission relay in long-distance microwave wireless power transmission is discussed. Based on the idea of microwave energy relay transmission, the paper constructs a microwave wireless transmission link planning model which considers power relay and uses the evolutionary algorithm to solve the wireless transmission link planning model with two-layer optimization. Finally, the results show that, when the wireless transmission distance exceeds a certain threshold, adding relay nodes to the link can improve the energy transmission efficiency from the power supply node to the power receiving node.

Prompt Atomization Mechanism of the Tangentially Injected Prefilming (TIP) LDI Injector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Yuzhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Atomization Mechanism ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract Lean direct injection (LDI) combustion is one of the promising low pollution combustion technologies. One challenge of implementing LDI combustion is to achieve quick fuel-atomizing and mixing with air. In this paper, the spray characteristics and the prompt atomization process of the tangentially injected prefilming (TIP) LDI injector are investigated by experiments; the energy transmission model suitable for the prompt atomization process and the semi-empirical estimation model of SMD for the conical liquid film are derived. All experiments were carried out under 20°C and atmospheric pressure by using kerosene as the fuel. Firstly, effects of We and ALR on the spray distribution and SMD were studied by Mie scattering and Malvern spraytec laser diffraction system respectively, which were carried out at the operating conditions of We varying from 664 to 2656 and ALR varying from 16.3 to 24.5. Results show that large We is beneficial to disperse the spray in primary zone downstream the swirler. Then, breakup regimes of liquid film and droplets evolution were characterized by a high-speed camera with a long-distance microscope (LDM). Breakup regimes show that the film is torn up by the fierce outer airstream immediately. The primary breakup process does not rely on the surface waves anymore, which conforms to the prompt atomization mechanism. Finally, the energy transmission of the conical liquid film during the whole atomization process was analyzed, from which the semi-empirical estimation model of SMD was derived. The calculated and the measured SMD have good consistency, which demonstrates the applicability of the prompt atomization energy transmission model on a conical liquid film.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

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