1.27 The Comparison of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings between Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Healthy Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. S161
Author(s):  
Duygu Kinay ◽  
Çiğdem Ulaşoğlu Yıldız ◽  
Elif Kurt ◽  
Kardelen Eryürek ◽  
Tamer Demiralp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Predicting response to cognitive behavioral therapy in contamination-based obsessive–compulsive disorder from functional magnetic resonance imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2125-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Olatunji ◽  
R. Ferreira-Garcia ◽  
X. Caseras ◽  
M. A. Fullana ◽  
S. Wooderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

BackgroundAlthough cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), few reliable predictors of treatment outcome have been identified. The present study examined the neural correlates of symptom improvement with CBT among OCD patients with predominantly contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, the most common OCD symptom dimension.MethodParticipants consisted of 12 OCD patients who underwent symptom provocation with contamination-related images during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning prior to 12 weeks of CBT.ResultsPatterns of brain activity during symptom provocation were correlated with a decrease on the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) after treatment, even when controlling for baseline scores on the YBOCS and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and improvement on the BDI during treatment. Specifically, activation in brain regions involved in emotional processing, such as the anterior temporal pole and amygdala, was most strongly associated with better treatment response. By contrast, activity in areas involved in emotion regulation, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, correlated negatively with treatment response mainly in the later stages within each block of exposure during symptom provocation.ConclusionsSuccessful recruitment of limbic regions during exposure to threat cues in patients with contamination-based OCD may facilitate a better response to CBT, whereas excessive activation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions involved in cognitive control may hinder response to treatment. The theoretical implications of the findings and their potential relevance to personalized care approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic variations in impulsivity and compulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder correlate with effective connectivity in cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linden Parkes ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Kevin Aquino ◽  
Leah Braganza ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundIndividual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity is thought to underlie vulnerability to a broad range of disorders and are closely tied to cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) function. However, whether impulsivity and compulsivity in clinical disorders is continuous with the healthy population and explains CSTC dysfunction across different disorders remains unclear.MethodsWe characterized the relationship between CSTC effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity in two symptomatically distinct but phenotypically related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and gambling disorder (GD). 487 online participants provided data for modelling of dimensional phenotypes. These data were combined with 34 OCD patients, 22 GD patients, and 39 healthy controls, who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThree core dimensions were identified: disinhibition, impulsivity, and compulsivity. Patients’ scores on these dimensions were continuously distributed with the healthy participants, supporting a continuum model of psychopathology. Across all participants, higher disinhibition correlated with lower bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit and increased bottom-up connectivity in the ventral circuit, and higher compulsivity correlated with reduced bottom-up connectivity in the dorsal circuit. Similar changes in effective connectivity were observed with increasing clinical severity that were not accounted for by phenotypic variation, demonstrating convergence towards behaviourally and clinically relevant changes in brain dynamics. Effective connectivity did not differ as a function of traditional diagnostic labels.ConclusionsCSTC dysfunction across OCD and GD is better characterized by dimensional phenotypes than diagnostic comparisons, supporting investigation of quantitative liability phenotypes.

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