Time-Dependent Effects of Exposure to Physical and Sexual Violence on Psychopathology Symptoms in Late Childhood: In Search of Sensitive Periods in Development

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversity is a potent determinant of psychopathology, relatively little is known about how the characteristics of adversity exposure, including its developmental timing or duration, influence subsequent mental health outcomes. This study compared three models from life course theory (recency, accumulation, sensitive period) to determine which one(s) best explained this relationship.MethodsProspective data came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n= 7476). Four adversities commonly linked to psychopathology (caregiver physical/emotional abuse; sexual/physical abuse; financial stress; parent legal problems) were measured repeatedly from birth to age 8. Using a statistical modeling approach grounded in least angle regression, we determined the theoretical model(s) explaining the most variability (r2) in psychopathology symptoms measured at age 8 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and evaluated the magnitude of each association.ResultsRecencywas the best fitting theoretical model for the effect of physical/sexual abuse (girlsr2= 2.35%; boysr2= 1.68%). Bothrecency(girlsr2= 1.55%) andaccumulation(boysr2= 1.71%) were the best fitting models for caregiver physical/emotional abuse.Sensitive periodmodels were chosen alone (parent legal problems in boysr2= 0.29%) and withaccumulation(financial stress in girlsr2= 3.08%) more rarely. Substantial effect sizes were observed (standardized mean differences = 0.22–1.18).ConclusionsChild psychopathology symptoms are primarily explained by recency and accumulation models. Evidence for sensitive periods did not emerge strongly in these data. These findings underscore the need to measure the characteristics of adversity, which can aid in understanding disease mechanisms and determining how best to reduce the consequences of exposure to adversity.

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Evolution, stress, and sensitive periods: The influence of unpredictability in early versus late childhood on sex and risky behavior.

Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0027293 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 674-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 194

Author(s):

Jeffry A. Simpson ◽

Vladas Griskevicius ◽

Sally I-Chun Kuo ◽

Sooyeon Sung ◽

W. Andrew Collins

Keyword(s):

Risky Behavior ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Sensitive Periods

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Infant temperament prospectively predicts general psychopathology in childhood

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420001996 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Santiago Morales ◽

Alva Tang ◽

Maureen E. Bowers ◽

Natalie V. Miller ◽

George A. Buzzell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Infant Temperament ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Specific Factor ◽

General Factor ◽

General Psychopathology ◽

Externalizing Psychopathology ◽

Psychopathology Symptoms ◽

First Time ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract Recent models of psychopathology suggest the presence of a general factor capturing the shared variance among all symptoms along with specific psychopathology factors (e.g., internalizing and externalizing). However, few studies have examined predictors that may serve as transdiagnostic risk factors for general psychopathology from early development. In the current study we examine, for the first time, whether observed and parent-reported infant temperament dimensions prospectively predict general psychopathology as well as specific psychopathology dimensions (e.g., internalizing and externalizing) across childhood. In a longitudinal cohort (N = 291), temperament dimensions were assessed at 4 months of age. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed at 7, 9, and 12 years of age. A bifactor model was used to estimate general, internalizing, and externalizing psychopathology factors. Across behavioral observations and parent-reports, higher motor activity in infancy significantly predicted greater general psychopathology in mid to late childhood. Moreover, low positive affect was predictive of the internalizing-specific factor. Other temperament dimensions were not related with any of the psychopathology factors after accounting for the general psychopathology factor. The results of this study suggest that infant motor activity may act as an early indicator of transdiagnostic risk. Our findings inform the etiology of general psychopathology and have implications for the early identification for children at risk for psychopathology.

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Stability and Change of Psychopathology Symptoms Throughout Childhood and Adolescence

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-021-01212-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabet Blok ◽

C. Louk de Mol ◽

Jan van der Ende ◽

Manon H. J. Hillegers ◽

Robert R. Althoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Transient Phase ◽

Transition Analysis ◽

Stability And Change ◽

Dysregulation Profile ◽

Developmental Variations ◽

Psychopathology Symptoms

AbstractAssessing stability and change of children’s psychopathology symptoms can help elucidate whether specific behaviors are transient developmental variations or indicate persistent psychopathology. This study included 6930 children across early childhood (T1), late childhood (T2) and early adolescence (T3), from the general population. Latent profile analysis identified psychopathology subgroups and latent transition analysis quantified the probability that children remained within, or transitioned across psychopathology subgroups. We identified four psychopathology subgroups; no problems (T1: 85.9%, T2: 79.0%, T3: 78.0%), internalizing (T1: 5.1%, T2: 9.2%, T3: 9.0%), externalizing (T1: 7.3%, T2: 8.3%, T3: 10.2%) and the dysregulation profile (DP) (T1: 1.7%, T2: 3.5%, T3: 2.8%). From T1 to T2, 44.7% of the children remained in the DP. Between T2 and T3, 33.6% remained in the DP; however, 91.4% were classified in one of the psychopathology subgroups. Our findings suggest that for many children, internalizing or externalizing symptoms encompass a transient phase within development. Contrary, the DP resembles a severe at-risk state in which the predictive value for being in one of the psychopathology subgroups increases over time.

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DINAMIKA PSIKOLOGIS KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK LAKI-LAKI (STUDI KASUS DI KARAWANG)

PSYCHOPEDIA : Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang ◽

10.36805/psikologi.v1i2.693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cempaka Putrie Dimala

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Middle Age ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Psychological Dynamics ◽

The Many

This study aims to determine how the psychological dynamics of children victims of sexual violence. This research was conducted on two boys of middle age and late childhood who had experienced sexual violence in Karawang. Considering the many and breadth of these elements, in this study using a sampling technique using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the psychological dynamics of victims of sexual violence have the same pattern. Characteristics of victims who are quiet and resigned, as well as families who do not provide supervision and protection of the subjects. Both of them influenced each other towards the occurrence of acts of sexual violence which made him gain traumatic experiences. Traumatic experiences and negative social conditions influence the emergence of social anxiety which makes it develop a sense of inferiority. And this anxiety is covered by withdrawal from the environment. While the second subject, the repeated sexual assault was tried to be suppressed and forgotten, but the condition that arose was a strong desire to fulfill the pleasure of sexual violence. Keywords: The dynamics of Psychology, Sexual Assualt, Boys. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dinamika psikologis anak-anak korban kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua orang anak laki-laki dengan rentang usia masa kanak-kanak pertengahan dan akhir yang pernah mengalami peristiwa kekerasan seksual di Karawang. Mengingat banyak dan luasnya unsur tersebut, maka dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik penentuan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika psikologis korban mendapat kekerasan seksual memiliki pola yang sama. Karateristik korban yang pendiam dan pasrah, serta keluarga yang kurang memberikan pengawasan dan perlindungan terhadap subyek. Keduanya saling mempengaruhi terhadap terjadinya tindakan kekerasan seksual membuatnya mendapatkan pengalaman traumatis. Pengalaman traumatis dan kondisi sosial yang negatif berpengaruh pada munculnya kecemasan sosial yang membuatnya mengembangkan rasa rendah diri. Dan kecemasanya ini ditutupi dengan penarikan diri dari lingkungan. Sementara subjek kedua, kekerasan seksual yang berkali-kali diterimanya ini berusaha ditekan dan dilupakan akan tetapi kondisi yang muncul adalah keinginan yang kuat untuk memenuhi kembali kenikmatan dari kekerasan seksual itu. Kata Kunci: Dinamika Psikologis, Kekerasan Seksual, Anak Laki-laki.

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