Selection of Employees for Performing Work Activities in Currently Used Ventilation Systems in Hard Coal Mining

The way in which rescue actions are carried out in a hard coal mine is conditioned by a number of factors, including the type, scale, and location of the hazard; location of employees at the danger and level of their endangerment; and the ventilation system used in the impacted area. In this article, the importance and necessity to take into account a human factor, specifically the propensity for risky behavior, alongside the selection of rescuers for rescue action is pointed out. As an introduction to the key research studies presented in this article, main ventilation systems used in hard coal mines are described and three real cases of natural hazard occurrences in hard coal mines are discussed. An analysis of these events has shown that the degree of difficulty of a rescue action depends, among other aspects, on the ventilation system applied. Next, a study covering a synthetic assessment of 25 mining rescuers taking into account the ‘risky behavior’ parameter is presented. The results were interpreted considering the—described earlier—cases of hazard occurrence in coal mines and ventilation systems applied there. For the research sample, a selection of rescuers to carry out actions in particular types of ventilation systems, taking as a criterion the mark they obtained in the synthetic assessment, is proposed.

Perilaku Beresiko di Komunitas Gay

Background: This study aims to describe how the efforts implemented by PKBI Semarang City and how the analysis of Islamic Guidance and counselling on PKBI Semarang City in overcoming the dangers of risky behavior in the gay community. Method: This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to find out the efforts made by PKBI Semarang City in overcoming the dangers of risky behavior in the gay community, which is then described in the form of a description of words or writings. The data collection techniques used in this study are with observations, interviews, and documentation. Results: PKBI Semarang City has several programs to prevent HIV / AIDS transmission, namely, outreach and assistance, especially key populations such as: WPS, WPS Customers, gay, and Transvestites with preventive materials including (condoms, pelican, KIE). Conducting socialization activities to increase knowledge about STIs and HIV / AIDS Information needs to be done continuously, for example by using the mechanism of weekly meetings. Clinics, to prevent the transmission of HIV / AIDS and detect the presence of HIV / AIDS early, by empowering to always live healthy. PKBI Semarang City has not implemented any full Islamic extension guidance but seen from the form of extension and coaching activities carried out both individually and in groups. In the extension of PKBI Semarang city has a significant influence on the gay community, this is seen from the number of people with HIV / AIDS which decreased compared to the previous year.

Harm and Helmets: How Harmful Social Costs Fail to Justify Paternalistic Health and Safety Regulations

Mill’s harm principle and the financial externalities of risky behavior are routinely invoked to justify health and safety regulation. However, this approach fares poorly when subjected to theoretical scrutiny. First, it is false: individuals engaging in risky behavior do not harm others. Second, even if risky behavior were harmful to others, the argument from harmful externalities does not imply safety-enhancing policy interventions, at least not without additional appeals to paternalism. Third, focusing on the economic impacts of accidents invites perverse victim-blaming attitudes toward accident victims that undermine democratic values and justice. To improve our moral understanding of health and safety regulation, I sketch a theory of public policy justification grounded in the controversies which attract our attention to paternalistic polices in the first place. On this account, justificatory arguments are plausible if they identify goods that individuals genuinely affirm on their own terms, are sensitive to causal responsibility and imbalances between restraint and protection, and comparatively engage with possible policy alternatives. Illustrating the shortcomings of one dominant approach to public policy justification and reorienting us toward the controversies that policy justifications need to confront reflect two ways that political theory can help enhance justice in public policy design and articulation.

Agreeableness and neuroticism predict being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior

Given the importance of friendships during challenging times and the mixed associations reported between personality traits and disease-related behaviors, we investigated the influence of personality traits on friendships during the COVID-19 pandemic and how both influenced risky behaviors. In November 2020, we asked participants about their reactions to friends’ behavior as part of a larger study. We found that agreeableness and neuroticism predicted participants being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior, and extraversion predicted enjoying helping friends during the pandemic. Our results suggest that personality influences how individuals cope with their friends’ risky behaviors. This work could be relevant for developing interventions to reduce risk taking during the pandemic, such as using friendships to reinforce adherence to public health guidelines.

Risiko KDRT terhadap Anak sebagai Dampak Ketegangan Sosial Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

Various drastic and sudden changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have an impact on economic and social implications that affect various aspects of life, including life in the family. Increased social tensions arise in line with economic imbalances and self-isolation as a result of the pandemic, so that it has the potential to create ideal conditions involving Domestic Violence (KDRT) against children by parents. This study sought to monitor this potential by using a survey-based study to determine the relationship between parental experience (n=150) with increased social tension and risky behavior patterns towards children. The results obtained will be analyzed contextually with existing research, namely regarding the factors of Domestic Violence (KDRT) against children. The results obtained indicate a relationship between social tension and risky behavior of parents towards their children. Keywords: Pandemic, domestic violence, social tension Abstract: Berbagai perubahan drastis dan mendadak yang diakibatkan oleh pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada implikasi ekonomi dan sosial yang mempengaruhi beragam aspek kehidupan, termasuk kehidupan dalam keluarga. Peningkatan ketegangan sosial muncul sejalan dengan adanya ketidakseimbangan ekonomi dan isolasi diri yang merupakan dampak dari pandemi, sehingga berpotensi untuk menciptakan kondisi ideal yang melibatkan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) terhadap anak oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini berusaha mengawasi potensi terjadinya hal tersebut dengan menggunakan studi berbasis survei untuk menentukan hubungan antara pengalaman orang tua (n=150) dengan peningkatan ketegangan sosial dan pola perilaku beresiko terhadap anak. Hasil yang didapatkan akan dianalisis secara kontekstual dengan penelitian yang telah ada, yaitu mengenai faktor-faktor Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) terhadap anak. Hasil temuan yang didapatkan menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara ketegangan sosial dan perilaku berisiko orang tua terhadap anak. Kata Kunci: Pandemi, KDRT, ketegangan sosial

A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery

Background Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS are behaviorally challenging for persons, vaccine and drug companies, and donors. Methods In 3 linked games in which a disease may or may not be contracted, [Formula: see text] persons choose risky or safe behavior (game 1). Two vaccine companies (game 2) and 2 drug companies (game 3) choose whether to develop vaccines and drugs. Each person chooses whether to buy 1 vaccine (if no disease contraction) or 1 drug (if disease contraction). A donor subsidizes vaccine and drug developments and purchases. Nature probabilistically chooses disease contraction, recovery versus death with and without each drug, and whether vaccines and drugs are developed successfully. COVID-19 data are used for parameter estimation. Results Each person chooses risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior, accounting for nature’s probability of disease contraction which depends on how many are vaccinated. Each person buys a vaccine or drug if the companies produce them and if their utilities (accounting for side effects and virus mutation) outweigh the costs, which may be subsidized by a sponsor. Discussion Drug purchases depend on nature’s recovery probability exceeding the probability in the absence of a drug. Each company develops and produces a vaccine or drug if nature’s probability of successful development is high, if sufficiently many persons buy the vaccine or drug at a sales price that sufficiently exceeds the production price, and if the donor sponsors. Conclusion Accounting for all players’ interlinked decisions allowing 14 outcomes, which is challenging without a game theoretic analysis, the donor maximizes all persons’ expected utilities at the societal level to adjust how persons’ purchases and the companies’ development and production are subsidized. Highlights A game theoretic approach can help explain the production decisions of vaccine and drug companies, and the decisions of persons and a donor, impacted by Nature. In 3 linked games, N persons choose risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior. Vaccine and drug companies develop vaccines and drugs sponsored by a donor if profitable, allowing 14 outcomes.

Maritime Pilots’ Risky Operational Behavior Analysis Based on Structural Equation Model

In this paper, a maritime pilots’ risky behaviour related factors questionnaire is designed to identify and quantify the factors of maritime pilots’ risky operational behaviour. And a questionnaire survey was conducted, which included four scales: risk-taking behavior, risk attitude, operational reliability, and risk perception. On this basis, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) of maritime pilots’ risky operational behavior is constructed to explore the internal relationship of the variable factors affecting maritime pilots’ operational behavior. The biggest influence on maritime pilots’ safety behavior is crowd psychology, which indicates that the maritime pilot’s mental health course, the psychological guidance course system, the psychological health consultation management, and safety training should be carried out regularly. Random evaluation and attention are significantly correlated with the risky cognition of maritime pilots. The results also explore that the maritime pilots’ risky behavior related factors questionnaire has a good structure, internal consistency, and validity in Chinese maritime pilots, and it is expected to be used for the Chinese maritime pilots’ subjective risky behavior self-evaluation. In addition, with empirical evidence for pilotage safety intervention in China, this measurement can also provide scheduling and management decision support for Chinese maritime pilot stations.