Effect of a novel P/N/S-containing reactive flame retardant on curing behavior, thermal and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin

In this article, the intumescent flame-retardant microsphere (KC-IFR) was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerizations, with the use of k-carrageenan (KC) as carbon source, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, and melamine (MEL) as gas source. Meanwhile, benzoic acid functionalized graphene (BFG) was synthetized as a synergist. A “four-source flame-retardant system” (KC-IFR/BFG) was constructed with KC-IFR and BFG. KC-IFR/BFG was blended with waterborne epoxy resin (EP) to prepare flame-retardant coatings. The effects of different ratios of KC-IFR and BFG on the flame-retardant properties of EP were investigated. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values increased from 19.7% for the waterborne epoxy resin to 28.7% for the EP1 with 20 wt% KC-IFR. The addition of BFG further improved the LOI values of the composites. The LOI value reached 29.8% for the EP5 sample with 18 wt% KC-IFR and 2 wt% BFG and meanwhile, UL-94 test reached the V-0 level. In addition, the peak heat release (pHRR) and smoke release rate (SPR) of EP5 decreased by 63.5% and 65.4% comparing with EP0, respectively. This indicated the good flame-retardant and smoke suppression property of EP composites coating.

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Improving thermal and flame retardant properties of epoxy resin by functionalized graphene containing phosphorous, nitrogen and silicon elements

Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.09.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 74-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Yuezhan Feng ◽

Chengen He ◽

Yingfeng Wen ◽

Yunsheng Ye ◽

Xingping Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Functionalized Graphene ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

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Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13203496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 3496

Author(s):

Junming Geng ◽

Jianyu Qin ◽

Jiyu He

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Melting Method ◽

Organic Montmorillonite ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.

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Synthesis of a Novel Spiro Phosphorus–Nitrogen Concerted Reactive Flame-Retardant Curing Agent and Its Application in Epoxy Resin

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2020.00293 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang Yi ◽

Zhixiong Huang ◽

Yu Cao ◽

Yongli Peng

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Reactive Flame Retardant

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Effects of a Macromolecule Spirocyclic Inflatable Flame Retardant on the Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties of Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kunpeng Song ◽

Yinjie Wang ◽

Fang Ruan ◽

Jiping Liu ◽

Nianhua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Phosphorus Oxychloride ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Smoke Suppression ◽

Step Method ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

New Strategy ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

A new strategy for the preparation of an integrated three-source intumescent flame retardant (IFR) has been developed to improve the flame-retardant and smoke suppression performance of epoxy resin (EP) with a synergistic flame retardant effect. Herein, the synthesis of a macromolecular spirocyclic phosphorus/nitrogen-containing IFR poly sulfonamide spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate (SAPC) is reported via a two-step method that uses pentaerythritol, phosphorus oxychloride and sulfonamide (SAA) as raw materials. Subsequently, the SAPC was incorporated into EP to prepare the composite to investigate its thermal stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression performance. Herein, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the addition of SAPC increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite. Cone test results indicated that the incorporation of 8 wt % SAPC significantly improved the flame-retardant performance for the composite, with a 43.45% decrease in peak of heat release rate, a 28.55% reduction in total heat release, and a 30.04% decrease in total smoke release. Additionally, the composite received the V-0 rating in a UL-94 vertical burning test, accompanied by the “blowout” phenomenon. After the addition of SAPC, the amount of flammable gas products from the EP composite decomposition was obviously suppressed, and the amount of non-flammable as was increased. All of this suggests a good dilution role of SAPC. There are enough reasons to believe that the enhanced flame-retardant and toxicity suppression performance for the EP composite can be attributed to the good coordination of carbonization agent, acid source, and blowing agent in the SAPC structure.

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