Detecting perinatal common mental disorders in Ethiopia: Validation of the self-reporting questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

BackgroundThe Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been used successfully across diverse cultural settings. However, a recent study found poor validity in detecting postnatal common mental disorders (CMD) in rural Ethiopia. Using similar methodology, the study was replicated in the capital, Addis Ababa.MethodsSemantic, content and criterion validity of EPDS, Kessler scale-6 (K6) and Kessler scale-10 (K10) were assessed in postnatal women attending vaccination clinics. Criterion validation was undertaken on 100 postnatal women, with local psychiatrist diagnosis of CMD using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) as the criterion measure.ResultsThe areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve for the EPDS, K6 and K10 were 0.85 (95%CI 0.77–0.92), 0.86 (95%CI 0.76–0.97) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.78–0.97), respectively. The EPDS generated sensitivity, specificity and misclassification rates of 78.9%, 75.3% and 24.0%, respectively at an optimal cut-off point of 6/7. The corresponding values for the K6 were 84.2%, 82.7% and 17.0% at a cut-off point of 4/5, and for K10 were 84.2%, 77.8% and 21.0% at a cut-off point of 6/7, respectively. The internal reliability Cronbach's alpha for the EPDS, K6 and K10 were 0.71, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively.LimitationsNot all postnatal women bring their infants to vaccination clinics which may limit generalisability.ConclusionThe EPDS, K6 and K10 all demonstrated acceptable clinical utility as screening scales for postnatal CMD in an urban setting in Ethiopia. The marked urban-rural difference in EPDS performance within Ethiopia highlights the difficulty of applying urban-validated instruments to rural settings in LAMIC.

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Common mental disorders and chronic non-communicable diseases in adults: a population-based study

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2009000100006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho ◽

Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro ◽

Bernardo Lessa Horta ◽

Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães ◽

Carla Maria Maia Garcias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

The Self ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and verify the association with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the self-reported number of chronic diseases. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was applied in a multi-stage random sample of 1,276 adults aged 40 and older. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables were also obtained using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of common mental disorders was 30.2%. Lower schooling and social class and the 46-55-year age bracket were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Each chronic illness was independently associated with common mental disorders. However, a stronger association was found between common mental disorders and the total number of self-reported chronic conditions, with a prevalence ratio of 4.67 (95%CI: 3.19-6.83) for five or more self-reported NCDs. The current study emphasizes the importance of common mental disorders in chronically ill patients, particularly in those with more total chronic conditions.

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Common mental disorders in a young urban population in Colombia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.187.2.161 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 187 (2) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Trudy Harpham ◽

Simon Snoxell ◽

Emma Grant ◽

Carlos Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Young People ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Population ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

The Self ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽

The City

BackgroundThere are few studies of mental ill health among young people in developing countries.AimsTo measure the prevalence of common mental disorders among low-income young people in the city of Cali, Colombia and to examine associations with violence and social capital.MethodThe Self-Reporting Questionnaire was administered to 1057 young people aged 15–25 years. Social capital, violence, alcoholism and socio-demographic variables were also measured.ResultsWe found 255 young people (24%) with common mental disorders. Being a woman, having limited education and experiencing high levels of violence were the main risk factors for common mental disorders. Social capital did not emerge as a risk factor.ConclusionsA large burden of mental ill health among young people was found; this requires urgent interventions and more research on the mechanisms which link mental health and violence.

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Detection of mental disorders other than depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a sample of pregnant women in northern Mexico

Mental Illness ◽

10.4081/mi.2016.6021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽

Antonio Sifuentes-Alvarez ◽

Carlos Salas-Martinez

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Dsm Iv

We sought to evaluate the capacity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in discriminating mental disorders other than depression in pregnant women in northern Mexico. Three hundred pregnant women attending prenatal consultations in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico submitted a validated EPDS and were examined for mental disorders other than depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 4th Ed. (DSM-IV) criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of cut-off points of the EPDS, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Of the 300 pregnant women studied, 21 had mental disorders other than depression by the DSM-IV criteria. The best EPDS score for screening mental disorders other than depression was 8/9. This threshold showed a sensitivity of 52.4%, a specificity of 67.0%, a positive predictive value of 11.5%, a negative predictive value of 95.4%, and an area under the curve of 0.643 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.76). The EPDS can be considered for screening mental disorders other than depression in Mexican pregnant women whenever a cut-off score of 8/9 is used. However, the tool showed small power to separate pregnant women with and without mental disorders other than depression.

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Internal consistency of the self-reporting questionnaire-20 in occupational groups

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kionna Oliveira Bernardes Santos ◽

Fernando Martins Carvalho ◽

Tânia Maria de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

The Self ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Occupational Groups ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Homogeneity Assessment ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the internal consistency of the measurements of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in different occupational groups. METHODS A validation study was conducted with data from four surveys with groups of workers, using similar methods. A total of 9,959 workers were studied. In all surveys, the common mental disorders were assessed via SRQ-20. The internal consistency considered the items belonging to dimensions extracted by tetrachoric factor analysis for each study. Item homogeneity assessment compared estimates of Cronbach’s alpha (KD-20), the alpha applied to a tetrachoric correlation matrix and stratified Cronbach’s alpha. RESULTS The SRQ-20 dimensions showed adequate values, considering the reference parameters. The internal consistency of the instrument items, assessed by stratified Cronbach’s alpha, was high (> 0.80) in the four studies. CONCLUSIONS The SRQ-20 showed good internal consistency in the professional categories evaluated. However, there is still a need for studies using alternative methods and additional information able to refine the accuracy of latent variable measurement instruments, as in the case of common mental disorders.

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