A commentary on ‘Dropout from randomised controlled trials of psychological treatments for depression in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analyses’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally O'Keeffe ◽  
Nick Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy and safety of interventions for treating head lice: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001129
Author(s):  
Bill Stevenson ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Julia Christenson ◽  
Cynthia Mathew ◽  
Solomon Abrha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundHead lice infestation is a major public health problem around the globe. Its treatment is challenging due to product failures resulting from rapidly emerging resistance to existing treatments, incorrect treatment applications and misdiagnosis. Various head lice treatments with different mechanism of action have been developed and explored over the years, with limited report on systematic assessments of their efficacy and safety. This work aims to present a robust evidence summarising the interventions used in head lice.MethodThis is a systematic review and network meta-analysis which will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement for network meta-analyses. Selected databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials exploring head lice treatments. Searches will be limited to trials published in English from database inception till 2021. Grey literature will be identified through Open Grey, AHRQ, Grey Literature Report, Grey Matters, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry. Additional studies will be sought from reference lists of included studies. Study screening, selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be undertaken by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved via a third reviewer. The primary outcome measure is the relative risk of cure at 7 and 14 days postinitial treatment. Secondary outcome measures may include adverse drug events, ovicidal activity, treatment compliance and acceptability, and reinfestation. Information from direct and indirect evidence will be used to generate the effect sizes (relative risk) to compare the efficacy and safety of individual head lice treatments against a common comparator (placebo and/or permethrin). Risk of bias assessment will be undertaken by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guideline for network meta-analysis. All quantitative analyses will be conducted using STATA V.16.DiscussionThe evidence generated from this systematic review and meta-analysis is intended for use in evidence-driven treatment of head lice infestations and will be instrumental in informing health professionals, public health practitioners and policy-makers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073375.

scholarly journals Psychological treatment for depression and anxiety associated with dementia and mild cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Ford ◽  
Osvaldo P. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Good Quality Data

SummaryDepression and anxiety are commonly associated with cognitive impairment. A systematic review of psychological treatments that appears in this issue of the Journal highlights the current paucity of good-quality data, but suggests these interventions hold promise. Given the increasing burden of dementia in our community, novel adequately powered randomised controlled trials in this area are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Partially randomised patient preference trials as an alternative design to randomised controlled trials: systematic review and meta-analyses

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A Wasmann ◽  
Pieta Wijsman ◽  
Susan van Dieren ◽  
Willem Bemelman ◽  
Christianne Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

ObjectiveRandomised controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard to provide unbiased data. However, when patients have a treatment preference, randomisation may influence participation and outcomes (eg, external and internal validity). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of patients’ preference in RCTs by analysing partially randomised patient preference trials (RPPT); an RCT and preference cohort combined.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRPPTs published between January 2005 and October 2018 reporting on allocation of patients to randomised and preference cohorts were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. The main outcomes were the difference in external validity (participation and baseline characteristics) and internal validity (lost to follow-up, crossover and the primary outcome) between the randomised and the preference cohort within each RPPT, compared in a meta-regression using a Wald test. Risk of bias was not assessed, as no quality assessment for RPPTs has yet been developed.ResultsIn total, 117 of 3734 identified articles met screening criteria and 44 were eligible (24 873 patients). The participation rate in RPPTs was >95% in 14 trials (range: 48%–100%) and the randomisation refusal rate was >50% in 26 trials (range: 19%–99%). Higher education, female, older age, race and prior experience with one treatment arm were characteristics of patients declining randomisation. The lost to follow-up and cross-over rate were significantly higher in the randomised cohort compared with the preference cohort. Following the meta-analysis, the reported primary outcomes were comparable between both cohorts of the RPPTs, mean difference 0.093 (95% CI −0.178 to 0.364, p=0.502).ConclusionsPatients’ preference led to a substantial proportion of a specific patient group refusing randomisation, while it did not influence the primary outcome within an RPPT. Therefore, RPPTs could increase external validity without compromising the internal validity compared with RCTs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019094438.

scholarly journals Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials

BMJ ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 344 (jan10 2) ◽  
pp. d7771-d7771 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vilsboll ◽  
M. Christensen ◽  
A. E. Junker ◽  
F. K. Knop ◽  
L. L. Gluud
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses
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