Television Watching and Frequency of Family Meals Are Predictive of Overweight Onset and Persistence in a National Sample of School-Aged Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gable ◽  
Yiting Chang ◽  
Jennifer L. Krull
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
School Aged Children

Youthful victimization in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina: A multi-level analysis of a national sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082098882
Author(s):  
Carter Rees ◽  
L Thomas Winfree
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
Peace Accord ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Post War ◽  
Threat Theory

Intra-national conflicts with racial or ethnic elements can complicate post-war reconciliation. From 1992 to 1995, much of the former Yugoslavia, a nation largely drawn from three distinct ethnic groups, was embroiled in such a conflict. After the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord, it was feared that schools would become a surrogate battlefield for school-aged children within the newly created nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Group threat theory and the imbalance of power thesis provide differing views on such conflicts. Group threat theory posits that as a population – in this case a school – approaches maximum ethnic diversity, the residents – in this case the students – will feel increasingly threatened, resulting in higher cross-group victimizations. The imbalance of power thesis suggests that a group’s decision to victimize another group depends on the relative lack of ethnic diversity: The extent to which one ethnic group dominates a school, the likelihood of victimization of any smaller groups increases. We explore which of these two theories best explains victimization levels within a sample of 2003 school-aged BiH adolescents born in areas dominated by Muslim Bosnians, Eastern Orthodox Serbians, or Roman Catholic Croatians. We find that there is an ethnic component to victimizations: students born in Serbia face higher levels of victimization than do their Bosnian-born counterparts under conditions that fit better with group threat theory than the imbalance of power thesis. We speculate about the significance of these findings for national ethnic harmony in BiH.

scholarly journals Home food environment and associations with weight and diet among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kegler ◽  
April Hermstad ◽  
Regine Haardörfer
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Home Food Environment ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Home Food

Abstract Background The home provides the physical and social context for the majority of eating behaviors for U.S. adults. This study describes eleven dimensions of the home food environment among a national sample of U.S. adults and identifies which are associated with diet quality and overweight/obesity. Methods A national sample of U.S. adults ages 18 to 75 was recruited from an online survey panel. Respondents (n = 4942) reported on foods available in the home, including 1) fruit and vegetables, 2) salty snacks/sweets, 3) less healthy beverages, as well as 4) food placement, 5) shopping practices for fruits and vegetables, 6) food preparation, 7) portion control methods, 8) family meals from restaurants, 9) family household practices around TV and eating, 10) presence of a TV in the dining area, and 11) ownership of a scale. Self-reported height and weight, fruit and vegetable intake, and percent calories from fat were also assessed. Results Mean household size was 2.6, 32.7% had children in the home, and 23.1% lived alone. The majority were White (67.7%), with 12.3% Black and 14.3% Hispanic. Mean age was 44.4 and 48.3% were men. In multivariable models, seven features of the home food environment were associated with meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable intake guidelines, with food placement, meal preparation, frequency of shopping for fruit, and a greater variety of fruits and vegetables available in the home most strongly associated. Eight of 11 features were associated with percent energy from fat, including restaurant food for family meals, salty snacks and sweets availability, less healthy beverages availability, food placement, meal preparation, frequency of shopping for fruit, family eating with the TV on, and having a TV in the dining area. More diverse fruit and vegetable availability was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity, and more frequent family eating while watching TV was associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity. Conclusion Targeting these dimensions of the home food environment may be a promising approach for future intervention research.

scholarly journals Focus Groups with Working Parents of School-aged Children: What's Needed to Improve Family Meals?

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne A. Fulkerson ◽  
Martha Y. Kubik ◽  
Sarah Rydell ◽  
Kerri N. Boutelle ◽  
Ann Garwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
School Aged Children

scholarly journals Mental health and use of health care services in opioid-exposed school-aged children compared to foster children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sarfi ◽  
Marie Eikemo ◽  
Gabrielle K. Welle-Strand ◽  
Ashley Elizabeth Muller ◽  
Stine Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
School Aged Children

AbstractGiven the concerns raised regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine on the developmental outcomes of the children, this study assessed mental health and use of services in a national sample of school-aged children (N = 78) born to women enrolled in opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy, compared with a group of foster children (N = 140). The majority of the opioid-exposed children lived with their birth parent(s) at the time of assessment (N = 62), while 16 lived in foster homes. Caregivers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Reactive Attachment Disorder scale. Teachers completed the SDQ. Three kinds of services were included in measuring service use: school-based education services, child mental health services, and hospital-based habilitation services. The main finding of the study is that children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine living with their family of origin had significantly better mental health status than their foster-placed counterparts and that of the comparison group of foster children. In addition, the exposed children living at home had less child welfare involvement, and only half of them were using any of the three services measured. The odds for using services increased significantly in accordance with increasing mental health problems, independent of group affiliation, indicating a need-based access to services. In line with other studies, we found that the odds for using one or more services was 2.3 times greater for boys than for girls. Our results contribute to a more-nuanced understanding of the developmental outcomes of prenatal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine, and factors associated with increased service use in groups of at-risk children.

Overweight in School-Aged Children Associated With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: Results From a National Sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 917-921
Author(s):  
Vera S Taylor ◽  
Jiali Ye ◽  
Dominic Mack ◽  
Yvonne Fry-Johnson ◽  
Quentin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
School Aged Children

scholarly journals Discrepancies between Parents’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Meal Habits

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
Erin Curtright ◽  
Stephanie Ayers ◽  
Anaid Gonzalvez ◽  
Meg Bruening ◽  
Flavio Marsiglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Hispanic Families ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine how closely parents and their adolescent children self-report family meal habits specific to types of food served and technology use. Methods Dyads (n = 100) of one parent (40.0 ± 7.1 years; 92.1% female) and one 6th-8th grade adolescent child (12.5 ± 0.9 years; 41.3% female) from primarily Hispanic families were recruited through middle schools in a Southwestern US metropolitan area. Parents and adolescents each completed surveys to self-report types of foods typically served at dinner (vegetables, 100% fruit juice, other fruit, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages) and technology use allowed (television watching, use of hand-held games, talking on the phone, texting, listening to music with headphones) during family meals using identical questions. Answer choices were Never = 1, Sometimes = 2, Usually = 3, or Always = 4. Parents’ responses were compared to those of adolescents using paired samples T-tests. Results Relative to adolescent responses, parents reported greater family mealtime offering of vegetables (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7), 100% fruit juice (2.0 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.0), other fruit (2.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.3 ± 1.0), milk (2.9 ± 1.0 vs. 1.0 ± 1.0), and sugar-sweetened beverages (2.1 ± 0.8 vs 1.2 ± 0.9; P < 0.0001 for all). Parents also reported greater television watching (2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1), use of hand-held games (1.6 ± 0.9 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1), talking on the phone (1.7 ± 1.0 vs. 0.6 ± 0.9), texting (1.7 ± 1.0 vs. 0.7 ± 1.0), and listening to music with headphones (1.7 ± 1.0 vs. 0.8 ± 1.0; P < 0.0001 for all) than their adolescent children. Conclusions Parents consistently reported offering vegetables, 100% fruit juice, other fruit, milk and sugar-sweetened beverages during family meals more frequently than reported by their adolescent children. Similarly, parents reported more permissive family meals regarding technology use. Further research is needed to better understand these discrepancies in how parents and their adolescent children perceive family meals, and to explore whether perceptions of family meals are associated with dietary quality in Hispanic families. Funding Sources Funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities and by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as part of a Maternal Child Health Bureau Nutrition Training Grant.

scholarly journals The Multiple Dimensions of Family Meals and Their Associations with Family Strengths from the Perspective of Korean Mothers with School-Aged Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Eun-Joo Kim ◽  
Jaerim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Family Meals ◽  
Family Rituals ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Family Strengths ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Korean Mothers ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Korean Families ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Related Stress

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between family meals and family strengths (cohesion and flexibility) in Korean families with school-aged children. We focused on five dimensions of family meals: frequency, family rituals, communication, rules and roles, and perceptions. Our data came from 619 mothers who were married with at least one child in elementary school. Our multiple regression analyses showed that mothers reported higher levels of both cohesion and flexibility when they gave a higher priority to family meals, made family meals a ritual, had conversations on diverse topics during family meals, or experienced lower levels of meal-related stress. In addition, higher levels of family flexibility were found when a family had more structured rules related to family meals and the father more regularly participated in meal-related housework. This study contributes to the literature by understanding the roles of family meals from a multidimensional perspective.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of School-Based Services for Children With Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Sarah Allen ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Perceptions Of School

Purpose School-aged children with hearing loss are best served by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The purpose of this research was to assess school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of their access to, involvement of, and working relationships with educational audiologists in their current work setting. Method An online survey was developed and distributed to school-based SLPs in North Carolina. Results A significant difference in access to and involvement of educational audiologists across the state was found. Conclusions This research contributes to professional knowledge by providing information about current perceptions in the field about interprofessional practice in a school-based setting. Overall, SLPs reported positive feelings about their working relationship with educational audiologists and feel the workload is distributed fairly.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

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