Implementing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Education and Management Strategies for Providers in an STI/HIV Screening Program within an Adolescent/Young Adult Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. S23
Author(s):  
Honora Einhorn ◽  
Jeffrey Herman ◽  
Susan Fitzgerald ◽  
Carly Guss ◽  
Cathryn Samples
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Transactional Sex Among Women of Low Socioeconomic Status in Portland, Oregon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W Menza ◽  
Lauren Lipira ◽  
Amisha Bhattarai ◽  
Victoria Cali-DeLeon ◽  
Roberto Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Biomedical Hiv Prevention ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background: Women who report transactional sex are at increased risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However,in the United States, social, behavioral, and trauma-related vulnerabilities associated with transactional sex are understudied and data on access to biomedical HIV prevention among women who report transactional sex is limited. Methods: In 2016, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of women of low socioeconomic status recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Portland, Oregon. We calculated the prevalence and,assessed the correlates of, transactional sex using generalized linear models accounting for sampling design. We also compared health outcomes,HIV screening, and knowledge and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) between women who did and did not report transactional sex.Results: Of 334 women, 13.6% reported transactional sex (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8%, 20.5%). Women who reported transactional sex were older, more likely to identify as black, to identify as lesbian or bisexual, to experience childhood trauma and recent sexual violence, and to have been homeless. Six percent(95%CI: 1.8%, 10.5%) of women with no adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported transactional sex compared to 23.8%(95%CI: 13.0%, 34.6%)of women who reported eleven ACEs (P<0.001). Transactional sex was strongly associated withcombination methamphetamine and opiate use as well ascondomless sex. Women who reported transactional sex were more likely to report being diagnosed with a bacterial STI and hepatitis C; however, HIV screening and pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge and use were low. Conclusions:In a sample ofwomen of low socioeconomic status in Portland, Oregon, transactional sex was characterized by marginalized identities, homelessness, childhood trauma, sexual violence, substance use, and sexual vulnerability to HIV/STI. Multi-level interventions that address these social, behavioral, and trauma-related factors and increase access to biomedical HIV prevention are critical to the sexual health of women who engage in transactional sex.

scholarly journals Community-Based, Rapid HIV Screening and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Initiation: Findings From a Pilot Program

Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H Schaffer ◽  
Lindsey M Sawczuk ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Wendy L Macias-Konstantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Program ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals 845. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine HIV Screening in an Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S513-S513
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Aguilera ◽  
Gilhen Rodriguez ◽  
Gabriela P Del Bianco ◽  
Gloria Heresi ◽  
James Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Routine Hiv Screening ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Emergency Department (ED) at Memorial Hermann Hospital (MHH) - Texas Medical Center (TMC), Houston, Texas has a long established screening program targeted at detection of HIV infections. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this screening program is unknown. Methods The Routine HIV screening program includes opt-out testing of all adults 18 years and older with Glasgow score &gt; 9. HIV 4th generation Ag/Ab screening, with reflex to Gennius confirmatory tests are used. Pre-pandemic (March 2019 to February 2020) to Pandemic period (March 2020 to February 2021) intervals were compared. Results 72,929 patients visited MHH_ED during the pre-pandemic period and 57,128 in the pandemic period, a 22% decline. The number of patients tested for HIV pre-pandemic was 9433 and 6718 pandemic, a 29% decline. When the pandemic year was parsed into first and last 6 months interval and compared to similar intervals in the year pre pandemic, 39% followed by 16% declines in HIV testing were found. In total, 354 patients were HIV positives, 209, (59%) in the pre-pandemic and 145 (41%) in the pandemic period.The reduction in new HIV infections found was directly proportional to the decline in patients visiting the MHH-ED where the percent of patients HIV positive was constant across intervals (2.21% vs 2.26%). Demographic and outcome characteristics were constant across the compared intervals. Conclusion The COVID -19 pandemic reduced detection of new HIV infections by screening in direct proportion to the reduction in MHH-ED patient visits. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic decreased with duration of the pandemic. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

HIV Screening of Surgeons and Dentists: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Sell ◽  
Albert J. Jovell ◽  
Joanna E. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Voluntary Program

AbstractObjective:To assess the cost-effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening strategies of surgeons and dentists.Design:We constructed a model to project costs and HIV transmissions prevented over 15 years for four screening scenarios: 1) one-time voluntary screening, 2) one-time mandatory screening, 3) annual voluntary screening, and 4) annual mandatory screening. One-time screening occurs only in the first year of the program; annual screening occurs once each year. Under mandatory screening, all practitioners are tested and risks of practitioner-to-patient transmission are eliminated for all practitioners testing positive. Voluntary screening assumes 90% of HIV-positive and 50% of HIV-negative practitioners are tested, and risks of transmission in the clinical setting are eliminated for 90% of HIV-positive surgeons and dentists. All costs and benefits are discounted at 5% per annum over 15 years.Results:Using “best-case” scenario assumptions, we find for surgeons that a one-time voluntary screening program would be most cost-effective, at $899,336 for every HIV transmission prevented. For dentists, the one-time voluntary program also is the most cost-effective, at $139,571 per transmission prevented. Annual mandatory programs were least cost-effective for both surgeons and dentists, at $63.3 million and $2.2 million per transmission prevented, respectively.Conclusions:HIV screening of surgeons and dentists ranks among the more expensive medical lifesaving programs, even using liberal assumptions about program effectiveness. Frequency of screening and whether testing is mandatory or voluntary dramatically affect cost per transmission prevented; these features should be considered carefully in designing specific HIV screening programs.

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