Ion exchange resins prepared from agricultural solid wastes as heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil

Basic and acidic ion exchange resins were used as catalysts for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol. The impact of reaction parameters like molar methanol/oil relationship, catalyst mass and reaction temperature were studied. The catalysts did not show deactivation and the reaction medium remained neutral. The performance of the resins was compared against reference catalysts (NaOH; MgO). A strongly basic macroporous resin was the most active catalyst and it was possible to reach 100 % selectivity to methyl esters. A series reaction mechanism was consistent with the evolutions of the intermediate reaction products.

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Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006951x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

Ann M. Thomas ◽

Virginia Shemeley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

First Pass ◽

Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

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Applications of Ion Exchange Resin in Oral Drug Delivery Systems

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i03.9556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Kathpalia Harsha ◽

Das Sukanya

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Exchange Resins ◽

Oral Drug Delivery Systems

Ion Exchange Resins (IER) are insoluble polymers having styrene divinylbenzene copolymer backbone that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter ions with the surrounding aqueous solutions. From the past many years they have been widely used for purification and softening of water and in chromatographic columns, however recently their use in pharmaceutical industry has gained considerable importance. Due to the physical stability and inert nature of the resins, they can be used as a versatile vehicle to design several modified release dosage forms The ionizable drug is complexed with the resin owing to the property of ion exchange. This resin complex dissociatesin vivo to release the drug. Based on the dissociation strength of the drug from the drug resin complex, various release patterns can be achieved. Many formulation glitches can be circumvented using ion exchange resins such as bitter taste and deliquescence. These resins also aid in enhancing disintegrationand stability of formulation. This review focuses on different types of ion exchange resins, their preparation methods, chemistry, properties, incompatibilities and their application in various oral drug delivery systems as well as highlighting their use as therapeutic agents.

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THE DISPOSAL OF USED ION EXCHANGE RESINS

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2004.041 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 447-455

Author(s):

Viky Dicu ◽

Carmen Iesan ◽

Mihai Chirica ◽

Satish Bapat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Exchange Resins

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FTIR ANALYSIS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH APPLICATION IN PERMANENT HARD WATER SOFTENING

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2014.237 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2145-2152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Liliana Lazar ◽

Laura Bulgariu ◽

Bogdan Bandrabur ◽

Ramona-Elena Tataru-Farmus ◽

Mioara Drobota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Hard Water ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

Water Softening ◽

Exchange Resins

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RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2011.052 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Igor Cretescu ◽

Corneliu Pohontu ◽

Marius Sebastian Secula ◽

Matei Macoveanu

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Response Surface ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Exchange Resins

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Innovative and sustainable concept of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si13033 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.A. Theoleyre ◽

Anne Gonin ◽

Dominique Paillat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Industrial Efficiency ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Multiple Effect ◽

Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a multiple-effect evaporation of salty permeates. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

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