scholarly journals Value dynamics in ordinary object disposal

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Helene Cherrier ◽  
Meltem Türe
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Object

The use of a slit in determining refractive indices with the microscope

1917 ◽  
Vol 18 (84) ◽  
pp. 130-132
Author(s):  
John William Evans
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Object Image ◽  
Ordinary Object

Certain optical properties of crystals, and more particularly the refractive index, may be determined either in the directions-image, often referred to as the 'image in convergent light', or in the ordinary object-image in which the object itself is seen. In the former case, in which the index of refraction is 'usually determined by means of the critical angle of total-reflection, every point in the image corresponds to a single direction of propagation of the wave-front through the crystal-structure and to the two corresponding directions of vibration. One of these can, however, be eliminated by the insertion of a nicol in an approximate position, and thus all ambiguity in the determination of the refractive index is removed.

scholarly journals Eliminativism and Evolutionary Debunking

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Bagwell
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Multiple Realizability ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Evolutionary Debunking Arguments ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Debunking Arguments ◽  
Evolutionary Debunking

Eliminativists sometimes invoke evolutionary debunking arguments against ordinary object beliefs, either to help them establish object skepticism or to soften the appeal of commonsense ontology. I argue that object debunkers face a self-defeat problem: their conclusion undermines the scientific support for one of their premises, because evolutionary biology depends on our object beliefs. Using work on reductionism and multiple realizability from the philosophy of science, I argue that it will not suffice for an eliminativist debunker to simply appeal to some object-free surrogate theory of evolution that results from converting any scientific proposition about some object K into a proposition about simples arranged K-wise. In the process, I examine some hazards peculiar to eliminative reductions of scientific theories, and propose a trilemma for eliminativists who attempt to recoup generality for ontologically sparse reducing theories by appealing to pluralities of simples arranged K-wise. The paper is intended to define and develop the object debunker’s self-defeat problem for further study, and to clarify some of the ways sparse and abundant ontologies interact with scientific theory.

An Alternative to the Proof Paradigm for Ground-Level Rationality

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
William J. Talbott
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Epistemic Rationality ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Rational Confidence

In Chapter 5, the author uses the clues from previous chapters to begin the construction of a theory of epistemic rationality in which mistake-correcting reasoning is the paradigm for reasoning. On his account, cognitive models are composed of scenarios, which are themselves sets of propositions that have expectations for experience. Models are tested not by propositions describing experience but by experiences themselves because scenarios holistically generate expectations for experience which the agent’s actual experience can either satisfy or fail to satisfy. On the author’s theory, only scenarios with full or partial necessitation hypotheses can earn rational confidence. He identifies two main conceptual frameworks, the ordinary object framework and the person framework, both of which are causal frameworks. The imagination plays a crucial role in rationality in the author’s theory. He ends with informal statements of two principles of epistemic rationality, of which the formal versions are stated in Appendix A.

scholarly journals Gündelik Nesnenin Sanatsal Dönüşümü: Sıradan Nesnelerin Sanat Eserine Dönüşüm Süreci Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Değerlendirme / Artistic Transformation of Casual Objects: A Sociological Evaluation on the Process of Transformation of Ordinary Objects into Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Hasan Sankır
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Ordinary Objects ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The Social

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>All products in the art field have a cultural character and reflect the characteristics of the social space in which they are situated. Objects have no meaning in their own rights and all objects, including art objects, acquire its meaning through social construction. In this respect, the meaning of artwork is symbolic and conceptual. The purpose of this work is to reveal how and by what conditions ordinary objects are transformed into artworks by artists. It is aimed to determine which social mechanisms take place in the process of artistic transformation of objects and what the role of social space and artists is in the construction and operation of these mechanisms. For this purpose, the study is composed of two parts. In the first part, how social context of an artwork is being constructed and according to this context how an object and space acquire artistic meaning have been set forth through semiotics approach. In the second part, an approach to the artistic transformation of an ordinary object through the role of artist and construction of social context with the examples selected from the art history have been put forward. In this section, the "bed" was chosen as the ordinary object and a discussion was made about the transformation process of the bed into a work of art through the work of Tracy Emin's "My Bed". As a result of the study, it was understood that ordinary objects have their own unique cultural spaces, and that they have an active role in the social context in which these objects have their meaning. Through the action of the artist towards an artistic goal, it has been specified that at the end of processes such as the removal of an ordinary object from the cultural space and its isolation from its functions, it is possible to change its social context and corresponding meaning. After this process, it has become possible to evaluate the object as an art work with the expansion of its meaning by turning it into an indicator.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Sanat alanındaki tüm üretimler kültürel bir nitelik taşır ve içerisinde yer aldığı sosyal alanın karakteristiklerini yansıtırlar. Nesnelerin kendi başına anlamları yoktur ve sanat nesneleri de dahil her türlü nesne anlamını toplumsal inşa süreciyle kazanır. Bu bakımdan sanat eserinin anlamı sembolik ve kavramsaldır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıradan nesnelerin sanatçılar tarafından sanat eserine nasıl ve hangi koşullarda dönüştürüldüğünün ortaya konmasıdır. Nesnelerin sanatsal dönüşümü sürecinde hangi sosyal mekanizmaların yer aldığı ve bu mekanizmaların inşası ve işleyişinde sosyal mekânın ve sanatçının rolünün ne olduğunun belirlenmesine yöneliktir. Bu amaçla çalışma iki kısma ayrılmıştır. Birinci kısımda sanat alanında bir nesnenin sosyal bağlamının nasıl inşa edildiği ve bu bağlama göre nesnenin ve mekânın nasıl sanatsal bir anlam kazandığı göstergebilim yaklaşımı üzerinden ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci kısımda ise sanat tarihinden seçilen örneklerle sosyal bağlamın inşası ve sanatçının rolü üzerinden sıradan bir nesnenin sanatsal dönüşümüne yönelik bir yaklaşım ortaya konulmuştur. Bu kısımda sıradan nesne olarak “yatak” seçilmiş ve Tracy Emin’ in “My Bed” (benim yatağım) isimli çalışması üzerinden yatağın sanat eserine dönüşüm sürecine yönelik bir tartışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda sıradan nesnelerin kendilerine özgü kültürel mekânlarının olduğu ve bu mekânların nesnelere yönelik anlamın ortaya çıkmasını sağlayan sosyal bağlamın inşasında etkin bir role sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Sanatsal bir hedefe yönelmiş olan sanatçının eylemselliği aracılığıyla sıradan bir nesnenin kültürel mekânı dışına çıkartılması ve işlevlerinden soyutlanması gibi süreçler sonucunda sosyal bağlamının ve buna bağlı olarak anlamının değiştirilmesinin mümkün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu süreç sonrasında nesnenin göstergeye dönüşerek anlamının genişlemesiyle birlikte sanat yapıtı olarak değerlendirilmesinin imkanlı hale geldiği görülmüştür.</p>

scholarly journals Teaching the Ordinary: What’s in a Chair

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
J. Progler
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Political Relations

In a teacher education class, students were asked to analyze a standard classroom desk-chair to see how “an ordinary object contained within it an array of social and political relations.”

scholarly journals Stephen Clark, the Laws of Logic and the Sorites

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Laurence Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sorites Paradox ◽  
Vague Predicate ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
The Law ◽  
Everyday Reality

AbstractA standard method for refuting a set of claims is to show that it implies a contradiction. Stephen Clark questions this method on the grounds that the Law of Non-Contradiction, together with the other fundamental laws of logic do not accord with everyday reality. He accounts for vagueness by suggesting that, for any vague predicate ‘F’, an ordinary object is typically to some extent both F and not-F, and that objects do not change abruptly from being F to being not-F. I challenge Clark's ‘deconstruction’ of logic, and show that, in characterizing vagueness and dealing with the associated Sorites paradox, we can accommodate his observation that change from being F to being not-F is ineradically continuous without tampering with any fundamental logical laws.

A Stage-Theoretical Account of Diachronic Identity

Metaphysica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272
Author(s):  
H. E. Baber
Keyword(s):  
Reference Class ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Ordinary Objects ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Reference Classes

Abstract Diachronic identity is understood as an identity holding between something existing at one time and something existing at another time. On the stage view, however, ordinary objects are instantaneous stages that do not exist at other times so diachronic identity is, at best, problematic. On account proposed here a name does not, as Sider and others suggest, denote a stage concurrent with its utterance. Rather, at any time, t, a name of an ordinary object designates a stage-at-t as its primary referent and refers indeterminately over it and all and only those stages counterpart-related to it—its reference class at t. At any time, t, a at t1 is the same object as b at t2 iff for every stage x counterpart-related to a’s stage-at t and every stage y counterpart-related to b’s stage-at-t, x=y. Diachronic identity statements, therefore, assert strict identities—between concurrent stages. Ordinarily names select the same reference classes at every time so, in ordinary cases, identity statements are not ‘occasional’. In fission cases names select different reference classes at different times. Where a becomes b and c, at any pre-fission time ‘a’, ‘b’, and ‘c’ have same the primary referent and so select the same reference class—therefore, before fission b is the same object as c. At any post-fission time ‘b’ and ‘c’ select different reference classes—so after fission b is not the same object as c. Identity is not occasional but, in extraordinary cases, identity statements are—because reference is.

scholarly journals EFM-Net: Feature Extraction and Filtration with Mask Improvement Network for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4151
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yannan Jia ◽  
Lize Gu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Occlusion Detection ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Improvement Method

Object detection is an essential task in computer vision. Many methods have made significant progress in ordinary object detection. Due to the particularity of remote sensing images, the detection target is tiny, the background is messy, dense, and has mutual occlusion, which makes the general detection method challenging to apply to remote sensing images. For these problems, we propose a new detection framework feature extraction and filtration method with a mask improvement network (EFM-Net) to enhance object detection ability. In EFM-Net, we designed a multi-branched feature extraction (MBFE) module to better capture the information in the feature graph. In order to suppress the background interference, we designed a background filtering module based on attention mechanisms to enhance the attention of objects. Finally, we proposed a mask generate the boundary improvement method to make the network more robust to occlusion detection. We tested the DOTA v1.0, NWPU VHR-10, and UCAS-AOD datasets, and the experimental results show that our method has excellent effects.

Singular Statements and Essentialism in Aristotle

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Property ◽  
Ordinary Object ◽  
De Re ◽  
Standard Version ◽  
De Dicto

In this paper I am interested in Aristotelian essentialism only as it relates to Aristotle's notion of an ordinary object. In particular, I shall concentrate on two main kinds of interpretation that are to be distinguished here. First, there is what I call the standard version. So named because it formulates the preferred view among commentators, the standard version holds that essences are necessary (at least) for the existence of objects. Against this is a recently proposed line of interpretation which I shall call the non-standard version of Aristotelian essentialism. It holds that possessing a given essential property is only sufficient, not necessary, for the existence of a given object and so denies the standard version. While I focus mainly on arguments and evidence that bear on decision between the two versions, I also reflect some on whether Aristotle is best construed a de re or a de dicto essentialist. Part I of the paper spells out the versions in question. Part II contains considerations which show Aristotle's openness to de re essentialism.

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