Location of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from thermal power plants in India along the urban-rural continuum

Nowadays, the global climate change has been a worldwide concern and the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are considered as the primary cause of that. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) divided countries into two groups: Annex I Parties and Non-Annex I Parties. Since Iran and all other countries in the Middle East are among Non-Annex I Parties, they are not required to submit annual GHG inventory report. However, the global climate change is a worldwide phenomenon so Middle Eastern countries should be involved and it is necessary to prepare such a report at least unofficially. In this paper the terminology and the methods to calculate GHG emissions will first be explained and then GHG emissions estimates for the Iranian power plants will be presented. Finally the results will be compared with GHG emissions from the Canadian electricity generation sector. The results for the Iranian power plants show that in 2005 greenhouse gas intensity for steam power plants, gas turbines and combined cycle power plants were 617, 773, and 462 g CO2eq/kWh, respectively with the overall intensity of 610 g CO2eq/kWh for all thermal power plants. This GHG intensity is directly depend on efficiency of power plants. Whereas, in 2004 GHG intensity for electricity generation sector in Canada for different fuels were as follows: Coal 1010, refined petroleum products 640, and natural gas 523 g CO2eq/kWh, which are comparable with same data for Iran. For average GHG intensity in the whole electricity generation sector the difference is much higher: Canada 222 vs. Iran 610g CO2eq/kWh. The reason is that in Canada a considerable portion of electricity is generated by hydro-electric and nuclear power plants in which they do not emit significant amount of GHG emissions. The average GHG intensity in electricity generation sector in Iran between 1995 and 2005 experienced 13% reduction. While in Canada at the same period of time there was 21% increase. However, the results demonstrate that still there are great potentials for GHG emissions reduction in Iran’s electricity generation sector.

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EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES FROM UKRAINIAN THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Energy Technologies & Resource Saving ◽

10.33070/etars.4.2019.01 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.A. Volchyn ◽

L.S. Haponych

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Unburned Carbon ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Organic Fuels ◽

Ch4 And N2o

In 2014, Ukraine signed and ratified the Agreement on associated with the EU. One of the requirements advanced in this Agreement lies in establishing the procedures of monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GG) from power plants. This system is based on the assemblage of procedures for estimating the GG emissions. Greenhouse gases formed at the combustion of organic fuels are CO2, CH4, and N2O. Carbon dioxide is the main GG emitted by power plants. In carrying out this work, we developed a method for the calculation of CO2 emission, formed during coal firing at thermal power plants (TPP), based on the carbon content factors with regard for the low calorific value of coal and heat loss due to unburned carbon. Using this method, we obtained the values of specific carbon content factors, CO2 emission factors and gross CO2 emissions from Ukrainian TPP during the last years. We also calculated the gross GG emissions. In 2018, the GG emissions at Ukrainian TPP were equal to 45.5 mln t of CO2-equivalent.The values of specific GG emissions per unit of supplied electric power constituted 1126 g/kW-h. This parameter reached 1186 g/kW-h for coal of grade A and L, and 1112 g/kW-h for grades G and DG. Ref. 16, Tab. 8.

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Investigating the Palm Oil Mill Wastes Properties for Thermal Power Plants

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.88.2.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Noraishah Shafiqah Yacob ◽

Hassan Mohamed ◽

Abd Halim Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Power Plants ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Renewable energy is a reliable solution for addressing global warming and fossil fuel depletion issues. Due to the abundance of biomass resources, such as palm oil wastes, which are currently underutilised, this is an opportunity for Malaysia to seize and implement this renewable energy solution for power generation. Palm oil mill wastes, such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF), and palm kernel shell (PKS), are worth to be investigated as a possible feedstock for combustion in thermal power plants. Co-combustion or co-firing of biomass in coal-fired thermal power plants offers a significant potential to reduce harmful emissions and represents a low cost and low-risk method. This paper aims to review and compare existing biomass thermal combustion technologies globally to evaluate the potential of utilising palm oil waste with coal. Before undergoing various pretreatment options, it is necessary to understand the feedstock characteristics for thermal power plant combustion. It is recommended to implement the combustion of palm oil wastes with coal in Malaysia to reduce harmful pollution. Based on the findings, Malaysia appears to be on the right track to optimise the use of palm oil wastes for electricity generation. The enhanced usage will reduce the negative impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

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Environmental Bio Economic Impact in Nicaragua

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v1i2.4033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Blanco Orozco ◽

Napoleón Vicente ◽

Zúniga González ◽

Carlos Alberto

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Power Plants ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Interconnected System ◽

Ghg Reduction ◽

Sugar Mills ◽

The Impact

In this article the Bio economy of power plants connected to the national interconnected system of Nicaragua is analyzed, through the study of environmental effects of greenhouse gases emissions from the use of solid biomass from sugarcane bagasse and oil to generate electricity. In addition, an analysis of Cost - Benefit of investments to the electricity generation using fossil fuel and bagasse is done. The Methodology EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used; this methodology was proposed by the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) to determine the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance. Additionally, the WinDASI program, also developed by FAO, was used for the Cost - Benefit Analysis of investment in power plants. Furthermore, we performed marginal costing GHG reduction. The results show, that all plants are sources of GHG emissions, however the impact of sugar mills is partially positive by reforestation components and annual crops. However, the component inputs had negative environmental and socially impact. In the case of thermal power generation plants based on petroleum connected to the national grid, they were found to be sources of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the Benefit Cost in their investment indicates that there is a positive financially impact except in ALBANISA power plant and sugar Mills power plants.

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INFORMATION CONTENT OF MODELS FOR DETERMINING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENERGY FACILITIES FUNCTIONING

Информационные и математические технологии в науке и управлении ◽

10.38028/esi.2021.23.3.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-61

Author(s):

Елена Петровна Майсюк ◽

Ирина Юрьевна Иванова ◽

Роман Андреевич Иванов

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Information Content ◽

Power Plants ◽

Reference Data ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Environmental Characteristics ◽

Ash And Slag Waste ◽

Slag Waste

В статье сформирована последовательность выполнения действий по определению экологических характеристик функционирования объектов энергетики. Приведены показатели энергообъектов и справочные данные, необходимые для получения промежуточных показателей этапов исследований. Дано описание расчетных моделей определения массы выбросов в атмосферу загрязняющих веществ и парниковых газов и массы образующихся золошлаковых отходов. Модели разработаны на основе утвержденных методик для тепловых электростанций, котельных и дизельных электростанций. Показано, что технологии расчетов экологических характеристик для каждой категории энергообъектов зависят от вида сжигаемого топлива и типа используемого оборудования. Выполнена систематизация информации для моделей определения экологических характеристик функционирования энергетических объектов. Вся необходимая информация представлена в виде трех крупных блоков: характеристика населенных пунктов; показатели энергообъектов; справочные данные по видам топлива, энергетическому и улавливающему оборудованию. Приведено подробное описание показателей каждого блока информации. Показана зависимость перечня определяемых экологических характеристик энергообъектов от вида сжигаемого топлива. Обозначены источники информации и доступность получения показателей каждого блока. The article forms a sequence of actions to determine the environmental characteristics of the functioning of energy facilities. The indicators of energy facilities and reference data required to obtain intermediate indicators of research stages are presented. A description of the models for determining the mass of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the mass of ash and slag waste are described. The models are developed on the basis of approved methodologies for thermal power plants, boiler houses and diesel power plants. It is shown that technologies for calculating environmental characteristics for each category of energy facilities depend on the type of fuel burned and the type of equipment used. The systematization of information for models to determining the environmental characteristics of the functioning of energy facilities has been carried out. All the necessary information is presented in the form of three large blocks: characteristics of settlements; indicators of energy facilities; reference data on types of fuel, energy and capture equipment. A detailed description of the indicators of each block of information is given. The dependence of the list of determined environmental characteristics of energy facilities on the type of burned fuel is shown. The sources of information and the availability of obtaining indicators for each block are indicated.

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