Low temperature thermal desorption-chemical oxidation hybrid process for the remediation of organic contaminated model soil: A case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103908
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Changfan He ◽  
Xingtao Cao ◽  
Hong Sui ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Model Soil

Treatment of wastewater from a low-temperature carbonization process industry through biological and chemical oxidation processes for recycle/reuse: a case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2563-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Biswas ◽  
S. Bagchi ◽  
C. Urewar ◽  
D. Gupta ◽  
T. Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Tertiary Stage ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

Low-temperature carbonization (LTC) of coal generates highly complex wastewater warranting stringent treatment. Developing a techno-economically viable treatment facility for such wastewaters is a challenging task. The paper discusses a case study pertaining to an existing non-performing effluent treatment plant (ETP). The existing ETP comprising an ammonia stripper followed by a single stage biological oxidation was unable to treat 1,050 m3/d of effluent as per the stipulated discharge norms. The treated effluent from the existing ETP was characterized with high concentrations of ammonia (75–345 mg N/l), COD (313–1,422 mg/l) and cyanide (0.5–4 mg/l). Studies were undertaken to facilitate recycling/reuse of the treated effluent within the plant. A second stage biooxidation process was investigated at pilot scale for the treatment of the effluent from the ETP. This was further subjected to tertiary treatment with 0.5% dose of 4% hypochlorite which resulted in effluent with pH: 6.6–6.8, COD: 73–121 mg/l, and BOD5:<10 mg/l. Phenol, cyanide and ammonia were below detectable limits and the colourless effluent was suitable for recycle and reuse. Thus, a modified treatment scheme comprising ammonia pre-stripping followed by two-stage biooxidation process and a chemical oxidation step with hypochlorite at tertiary stage was proposed for recycle/reuse of LTC wastewater.

scholarly journals EPR Spectroscopy Study of the Radical Cation Cluster (η⁵-C₅H₅)(CO)₅ReFePt(μ₃-C=CHPh)(η²-Ph₂P(CH₂)₂PPh₂)

2019 ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. Maksimov ◽  
Victor V. Verpekin ◽  
Dmitry V. Zimonin ◽  
Galina V. Burmakina ◽  
Oleg S. Chudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Radical Cation ◽  
Unpaired Electron ◽  
Iron Atom ◽  
Epr Spectroscopy ◽  
Binuclear Complex ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Model Spectrum

The chemical oxidation of the cluster CpReFePt(μ3-C=CHPh)(CO)5(dppe) (Cp = η5-C5H5, dppe = η2- Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2) resulted in a radical cation [CpReFePt(μ3-C=CHPh)(CO)5(dppe)]+• that is sufficiently stable only at low temperature. An electronic structure of the radical cation was studied by EPR and following parameters were obtained by comparison of the experimental and model spectrum: gx = 2.070 gy = 2.0295 gz = 1.997; Ax(31P) = 17 Ay(31P) = 49 Az(31P) = 35 (Gs);Ax(195Pt) = 62 Ay(195Pt) = 45 Az(195Pt) = 105 (Gs). An unpaired electron is seen to be mainly concentrated on the iron atom (85-90%) and partially on the platinum atom (10-15%). Further transformation of the radical cation led to the formation of the binuclear complex Cp(CO)2RePt(μ-C=CHPh)(dppe) and the Fe-carbonyl fragment

Hydrogen Generation Using the Modular Helium Reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Richards ◽  
Arkal Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Splitting Water

Process heat from a high-temperature nuclear reactor can be used to drive a set of chemical reactions, with the net result of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. For example, process heat at temperatures in the range 850°C to 950°C can drive the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical process to produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Electricity can also be used to split water, using conventional, low-temperature electrolysis (LTE). An example of a hybrid process is high-temperature electrolysis (HTE), in which process heat is used to generate steam, which is then supplied to an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen. In this paper we investigate the coupling of the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) to the SI process and HTE. These concepts are referred to as the H2-MHR. Optimization of the MHR core design to produce higher coolant outlet temperatures is also discussed.

scholarly journals Systematic Integration of Energy-Optimal Buildings With District Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Suciu ◽  
Paul Stadler ◽  
Ivan Kantor ◽  
Luc Girardin ◽  
François Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Networks ◽  
First Case ◽  
Investment Cost

The residential sector accounts for a large share of worldwide energy consumption, yet is difficult to characterise, since consumption profiles depend on several factors from geographical location to individual building occupant behaviour. Given this difficulty, the fact that energy used in this sector is primarily derived from fossil fuels and the latest energy policies around the world (e.g., Europe 20-20-20), a method able to systematically integrate multi-energy networks and low carbon resources in urban systems is clearly required. This work proposes such a method, which uses process integration techniques and mixed integer linear programming to optimise energy systems at both the individual building and district levels. Parametric optimisation is applied as a systematic way to generate interesting solutions for all budgets (i.e., investment cost limits) and two approaches to temporal data treatment are evaluated: monthly average and hourly typical day resolution. The city center of Geneva is used as a first case study to compare the time resolutions and results highlight that implicit peak shaving occurs when data are reduced to monthly averages. Consequently, solutions reveal lower operating costs and higher self-sufficiency scenarios compared to using a finer resolution but with similar relative cost contributions. Therefore, monthly resolution is used for the second case study, the whole canton of Geneva, in the interest of reducing the data processing and computation time as a primary objective of the study is to discover the main cost contributors. The canton is used as a case study to analyse the penetration of low temperature, CO2-based, advanced fourth generation district energy networks with population density. The results reveal that only areas with a piping cost lower than 21.5 k/100 m2ERA connect to the low-temperature network in the intermediate scenarios, while all areas must connect to achieve the minimum operating cost result. Parallel coordinates are employed to better visualise the key performance indicators at canton and commune level together with the breakdown of energy (electricity and natural gas) imports/exports and investment cost to highlight the main contributors.

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