An Integrated Framework to Model Salinity Intrusion in Coastal Unconfined Aquifers Considering Intrinsic Vulnerability Factors, Driving Forces, and Land Subsidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 106873
Author(s):  
Dayana Chala Diaz ◽  
Edgar Quiñones-Bolaños ◽  
Mehrab Mehrvar
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Intrinsic Vulnerability ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers

Risk and coping mechanisms of the carp spawn fishing community of the Halda river, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Aysha Akhtar ◽  
Md Tarikul Islam ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Moznu Mia ◽  
Md Simul Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
River Bends ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Brood Fish

To assess the livelihood risks and coping mechanisms of the spawn fishing community of the Halda river, Chittagong, Bangladesh was conducted. Four areas, namely Ankurighona, Gorduara, Madarimukh and Madunaghat were selected on the basis of the aggregation of spawn fishers. A structured questionnaire survey was made on 152 spawn fishers in two categories i.e. boat owner and hired laborers to collect primary data. Three major man-made risks, namely catch of brood fish, non-functioning sluice gates and cutting of river bends related to egg collection were mentioned by the spawn fishers while salinity intrusion, river erosion and fluctuation in weather variables were found as the main natural risks. Willingness to continue egg collection despite the risks was disagreed by most of the respondents while those who were found to continue egg collection mentioned their driving forces as high profit, tradition and hobby. The respondents expressed that they cannot take any measures to mitigate the risks of salinity intrusion, weather fluctuation, mortality of spawn, non-functioning sluice gates, cutting of river bends and political influences. However, informing police and raising awareness to stop illegal catch of brood, construction of proper sluice gates, stop further cutting of river bends and rehabilitation of erosion victims were mentioned as probable solutions.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 85-96, 2017

Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative Disease Caused by Intrinsic Vulnerability Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 101817
Author(s):  
Ana Artero-Castro ◽  
Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Jimenez ◽  
Pavla Jendelova ◽  
Kirstin B. VanderWall ◽  
Jason S. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Vulnerability

scholarly journals Racialized Structural Vulnerability: Neighborhood Racial Composition, Concentrated Disadvantage, and Fine Particulate Matter in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul S. Liévanos
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Vulnerability ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study contributes to previous research by advancing a “racialized structural vulnerability” framework and presenting a new empirical analysis of the relationship between neighborhood Asian, Black, and Latinx composition; extrinsic and intrinsic vulnerability; and PM2.5 exposures in California with secondary data from 2004–2014. Principal component analyses revealed that tract Latinx composition was highly correlated with extrinsic vulnerability (economic disadvantage and limited English-speaking ability), and that tract Black composition was highly correlated with intrinsic vulnerability (elevated prevalence of asthma-related emergency department visits and low birth weight). Spatial lag regression models tested hypotheses regarding the association between Asian, Black, and Latinx population vulnerability factors and the 2009–2011 annual average PM2.5 percentile rankings, net of emissions and spatial covariates. Results indicated that the percent Latinx population, followed by the regional clustering of PM2.5, and the percent of non-Latinx Black and non-Latinx Asian population were the strongest positive multivariable correlates of PM2.5 percentile rankings, net of other factors. Additional analyses suggested that despite shifting demographic and spatial correlates of 2012–2014 PM2.5 exposures, the tracts’ Black and Latinx composition and location in the San Joaquin Valley remain important vulnerability factors with implications for future research and policy.

scholarly journals Spatial Correlation Analysis of Land Subsidence and The Water Table Changes in Unconfined Aquifers Using Sentinel 1-SAR Image and Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Semarang City – Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Hana Sugiastu Firdaus ◽  
Yudo Prasetyo ◽  
Diyanah Diyanah
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Sar Image ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers ◽  
Very High

Groundwater has a very important role both in terms of environmental, social and economic. The consumption of groundwater continuously can affect the physical condition of the environment such as land subsidence, especially in Semarang City. The spatial correlation of land subsidence and water table changes was analyzed in this study using remote sensing and geographic information systems. PS-InSAR method is used to process Sentinel-1 SAR image satellite to get the result of land subsidence during in 2014-2017. The annual average of vertical land subsidence in Semarang City, with the range 0 ± 3.4 cm to 4.5 ± 3.4. The spatial relation between the land subsidence and the water table decreased is obtained using the rules of the spatial correlation matrix. The study area was dominated by a very high correlation with the percentage (47.58%), which located in several areas in Genuk District, Tembalang District, Pedurungan District, Tugu District and Mijen District. The potential of groundwater in unconfined aquifers in Semarang City is nihil potential and low potential of groundwater quality. The very high correlation between land subsidence and water table decreased, which located in the low potential of groundwater in unconfined aquifer mostly located in Tembalang District.

Solute redistribution during in-situ irradiation of alloys in the high voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
P. R. Okamoto ◽  
N.Q. Lam ◽  
R. L. Lyles
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Solute Atoms

During irradiation of thin foils in a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) defect gradients will be set up between the foil surfaces and interior. In alloys defect gradients provide additional driving forces for solute diffusion since any preferential binding and/or exchange between solute atoms and mobile defects will couple a net flux of solute atoms to the defect fluxes. Thus, during irradiation large nonequilibrium compositional gradients can be produced near the foil surfaces in initially homogeneous alloys. A system of coupled reaction-rate and diffusion equations describing the build up of mobile defects and solute redistribution in thin foils and in a semi-infinite medium under charged-particle irradiation has been formulated. Spatially uniform and nonuniform damage production rates have been used to model solute segregation under electron and ion irradiation conditions.An example calculation showing the time evolution of the solute concentration in a 2000 Å thick foil during electron irradiation is shown in Fig. 1.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Vulnerability Factors of Psychopathology Across the Life Span

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Cecelia A. Essau
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Vulnerability Factors
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