FORMAL EDUCATION, WORK EXPERIENCE AND EMPOWERMENT OF THE FISHING COMMUNITY IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Background and Purpose: Efforts in bringing about changes to fishers' lives are often met with obstacles due to their lack of participation in empowerment programmes as well as their excessive reliance on external assistance. However, such situations are said to be the results of their level of education and work experience. This paper also examines the relationship between work experience with empowerment and formal education as a control variable to the relationship. Therefore, this paper aims to observe the reality of empowerment among fishing communities from the lens of participation and self-reliance among fishers in Terengganu, Malaysia. Concurrently, this study also reviews the theme mentioned above from the lens of formal education and work experience and their impacts on the fishing community empowerment. Methodology: This study used a survey design and involved 220 coastal fishers, who were identified through multi-stage sampling. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, and data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and the Analysis of Variance Test (ANCOVA). Findings: The empowerment of the fishing community in this study is not influenced by the number of years they have spent as fishers. On the other hand, their level of education plays a pertinent influence on their empowerment. Such a finding clearly shows that experience is not only a major factor in increasing the empowerment of the fishing community. Contributions: This study contributes to our understanding that it is undeniably true that formal and informal education play an integral role in empowering the fishing community, where through education, fishers are more participative in their community and exhibit autonomy towards their work. Keywords: Fishers, empowerment, formal education, experience, community development Cite as: Tuan Sembok, T. M. Z., & Wan Ismail, W. A. A. Z. (2022). Formal education, work experience and empowerment of the fishing community in Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 366-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp366-389

Fishermen's Perception of the Benefits of Using ICT in Relationship with Fishermen's Income and Stakeholder Role Strategies : A Case Study in Pati, Central Java

<p>The potential of fisheries resources is still massive as well as the challenges. One of the challenges faced in the fisheries sector is climate change occurring massively. Climate change that occurs disrupts the productivity and activities of fishermen. Fishermen live with uncertainty because their livelihoods are directly related to nature. So that fishermen are required to be able to adapt and mitigate to climate change that is occurring rapidly. Information innovation and communication are widely developed to help fishermen in sea activities. The technology created is available in various forms, such as android-based applications, SMS broadcasts, Whatsapp groups, GPS, Fishfinder, etc. The objective of this study is to identify fishermen's perception of the benefits of technology and service communication used, ICT relationship with fishermen's income, and stakeholder role strategies in the use of ICT. The mix-method approach is used to acknowledge study objectives using the software SPSS 23 and Atlas. Ti 8. The result shows that fishermen's perception of the benefits of ICT namely facilitating communication, reducing production costs, improving safety, increasing fishermen's knowledge, and increasing income. There is a relationship between the use of ICT and fishermen's income, as well as stakeholders who have an important role in the use of ICT in the fishing community.</p>

Status, Threats and Conservation of the Wetland Ecosystem Dominated with Mangroves in India

Mangroves are one of the most undermined biological systems. They have immense ecological and economic advantages. Consistent, increment in natural and coastal development like a change of wetlands for hydroponics, construction for tourism, the tsunami has led to the demolishment of mangrove environments in India. The inhabitants of minor zones are at risk of losing their livelihood and there is a threat to the existence of the mangrove ecosystem. It has been noted that from a decade ago, about 40% of the Indian mangrove territories have been lost. At present, the environmental changes and increased anthropogenic activities have become a significant concern for the conservation and sustaining of the mangroves. Conservation of mangrove environment can be accomplished by increasing awareness about their significance among various stakeholders and safeguarding them through mandatory national policy and regulations. A specific policy like Coastal Zone Regulation has been formulated to ensure mangrove conservation, sustainable existence of local community habitat along the coastal area, fishing community, and coastal stretches for marine habitat have been protected.

PENDAMPINGAN PEMBERDAYAAN HASIL LAUT KEPADA ISTRI NELAYAN PANTAI SINE DESA KALIBATUR, KECAMATAN KALIDAWIR, KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

The seawater fishery in Dusun Sine has the higher potentials, due to its location near the coastal area of Sine Beach. In general, the people in Dusun Sine make a living as sea fishermen. However, the income of the marine fishing community has not maximized because the community still uses the conventional marine product processing production system, so that the marketing of processed marine fish products is also limited. As an effort to increase the selling value of processed marine fish, the International Community Service Group empowers fishermen's wives in Sine Hamlet by conducting several activity programs in the form of socializing the manufacture of modern marine processed products in the form of Sine Foodies, home industry food (PIRT), and the use of e-commerce. This activity was held to use a health protocol and through a presentation method on product marketing licensing in the form of PIRT socialization and marketing of processed marine fish products with e-commerce as well as demonstrations on the process of making processed marine fish products in the form of shredded fish and fish balls using attractive packaging. Participants in the socialization were fishermen's wives, village cadres, and prospective entrepreneurs from Kalibatur Village.Keywords: Assistance, processed marine fish products, Processing, Licensing management, MarketingAbstrakSektor perikanan air laut yang ada di Dusun Sine, Desa Kalibatur, Kecamatan Kalidawir, Kabupaten Tulungagung, memiliki potensi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan letaknya yang berada di dekat wilayah pesisir Pantai Sine. Secara umum, masyarakat di Dusun Sine bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan laut. Namun, pendapatan masyarakat nelayan laut belum maksimal karena masyarakat masih menggunakan sistem produksi pengolahan hasil laut secara konvensional, sehingga pemasaran produk hasil olahan ikan laut juga terbatas dengan seadanya. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai jual hasil olahan ikan laut, Tim Pengabdian masyarakat Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga dengan didukung penuh oleh Kelompok mahasiswa KKN Internasional, FST, UNAIR melakukan upaya pemberdayaan para istri nelayan di Dusun Sine dengan melakukan beberapa program kegiatan berupa sosialisasi pembuatan hasil olahan laut secara modern berupa Sine Foodies, pangan industri rumah tangga (PIRT), serta penggunaan e-commerce. Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan menggunakan protokol kesehatan dan melalui metode presentasi mengenai perijinan pemasaran produk berupa sosialisasi PIRT dan pemasaran produk hasil olahan ikan laut dengan e-commerceserta demonstrasi mengenai proses pembuatan produk hasil olahan ikan laut yang berupa abon ikan dan bakso ikan dengan menggunakan kemasan yang menarik. Peserta sosialisasi adalah para istri nelayan, kader desa, dan calon pengusaha yang berasal dari Dusun Sine, Desa Kalibatur. Kata Kunci: Pendampingan, Produksi makanan olahan hasil laut, Pengurusan perijinan, Pemasaran

Involvement of a Fishing Community in the Eradication of the Introduced Cactus Mouse (Peromyscus eremicus cedrosensis) from San Benito Oeste Island, Mexico

San Benito Archipelago is internationally important for the conservation of 13 species of seabirds. San Benito Oeste, the largest and only inhabited island, was declared mammal-free in 2000 after a series of eradications conducted in collaboration between the fishing cooperative Pescadores Nacionales de Abulón, the Mexican conservation organization, Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C., and the Mexican Government. The archipelago remained mammal-free until 2006, when an unusual invader, the Cedros island cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus cedrosensis), was accidentally introduced to San Benito Oeste island. The same collaboration scheme involving locals, conservationists, and authorities was once again put in motion, delivering tangible results. Research informed the mouse eradication strategy, the local community supported the operation, and the mouse eradication was successfully implemented in December 2013. To date (8 years later), no mammals have been recorded in the archipelago, which suggests community-led island biosecurity is working. In addition, this collaborative restoration work contributed to the creation of the Baja California Pacific Islands Biosphere Reserve, protecting 21 islands, including the San Benito Archipelago, and 97 islets in the Mexican Pacific.

Socio-Economic Conditions of Small-Scale Hilsa Fishers in the Meghna River Estuary of Chandpur, Bangladesh

Hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) have become an essential factor behind the well-being of the fishing community, giving fishers their identity as a source of cultural heritage. A field survey was conducted to understand the socio-economic conditions of hilsa fishers at the Meghna river estuary of Chandpur District using well-structured questionnaire interviews (N = 250) with hilsa fishers. The survey revealed that fishers’ livelihoods and living conditions were still below average due to low literacy levels, lack of professional skills, and low incomes. More than two-thirds of the fishers were entirely dependent on hilsa fishing, while more than one-third had between 11 and 20 years of fishing experience. More than two-thirds of the fishers did not have an alternative occupation during ban periods, and the incentives provided by the government were not adequately received by half of the fishers. Fishers were divided into three groups according to their dependence on hilsa fishing. Significant differences were found between these groups in terms of the age of fishers, annual income from fishing, and annual fishing activity days. Therefore, the government, Fisheries cooperatives, NGOs, and other relevant organizations must unite to support fishers for sustainable management.

Implementation of a floating system as a form of environmental adaptation in Kuala Bubon Village, West Aceh

One of the important factors in supporting the sustainability of an architectural design is the ability to adapt to the environment. This adaptation can be observed, among others, from the accommodative level obtained from a building design to the needs of the community that uses the design. One form of design that is considered to accommodate the needs of the user community is the design of a floating system used by fishing communities. This paper wants to explore the adaptability of the floating system design which is judged by its ability to accommodate the dynamics of the wet environment and the needs of the fishing community. The research method is descriptive and logically explains the causal relationship between the design of the floating system building and the environmental and socio-cultural aspects of the community. Observations show 2 things: a) the legged building system (pit foundation and 2 meter stilt building) is highly adaptive to wetland conditions with tidal characteristics of water at the mouth of the river; b) architectural design of residential units which are about 4 meters apart, allowing the development of residential units into 4 sides, to accommodate the increase in daily activities of fishing communities so that community productivity increases. The conclusion of the study shows that the floating system is very flexible and adaptive to the dynamics of the environment and people’s lives (socio-cultural and economic aspects).