scholarly journals Filling gaps in a large reserve network to address freshwater conservation needs

2015 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hermoso ◽  
Ana Filipa Filipe ◽  
Pedro Segurado ◽  
Pedro Beja
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Large Reserve

Effectiveness of a large reserve network in protecting freshwater biodiversity: a test for the Iberian Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hermoso ◽  
Ana Filipa Filipe ◽  
Pedro Segurado ◽  
Pedro Beja
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Freshwater Biodiversity ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Large Reserve

Single large or several small marine reserves for the Caribbean spiny lobster?

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Stockhausen ◽  
Romuald N. Lipcius
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Large Reserve

The ‘SLOSS’ debate—Single Large Or Several Small protected areas—remains unresolved. We used a heuristic model based on population dynamics of Caribbean spiny lobster in Exuma Sound, Bahamas, to compare impacts of regional reserve designs that configured 20% of available coastal habitat as either a randomly located single large reserve or a network of six small, randomly located reserves on three performance indicators (fishery yield, larval production, population growth rate) for a hypothetical overexploited lobster population. Two additional management strategies were considered: one reduced effort by 20% (without protected areas), and one did nothing. Effects were evaluated for two levels of hydrodynamic variability. In general, performance indicators ranked the management strategies, independent of hydrodynamic variability, from best to worst in the order (1) single large reserve (2) several small reserves (3) reduced effort (4) no management action, but differences were not always significant. Therefore, for the model regional system investigated here, a single large reserve is preferable to several small ones. We propose that this conservation strategy is most suitable at the regional scale (~100s of kilometres) and that such single, large regional reserves would function most effectively within a broadscale (~1000s of kilometres) reserve network, barring local catastrophes.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

Predicting occurrences of geographically restricted rare floral elements with qualitative habitat data

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S MacDougall ◽  
J A Loo
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats

Habitat-directed survey methods are often used for locating narrowly distributed rare species and communities across landscapes, though their predictive accuracy varies, depending on the element targeted and the type of data employed. We discuss habitat-directed surveys for rare floral elements in the context of landscape-level management planning, focusing in particular upon a case study from southern New Brunswick. Databases of rare species and community occurrences are important requisites for such planning, but existing information is usually deficient and expensive to develop. A habitat-based approach directs surveys to sites with a higher-than-random probability of hosting rare elements and avoids areas deemed unlikely to be of interest due to environment or disturbance factors. We describe a four-part survey procedure that uses readily available qualitative habitat descriptions and geographic information systems (GIS) based land resource data to identify sites potentially hosting rare biota. The procedure includes remote-sensed and on-site screening to confirm significance and collect ancillary data needed for conservation planning. The use of existing data is cost and time efficient, a necessity given often narrow planning windows and restricted budgets. The method described here is well suited to geographically restricted plant biota associated with distinct habitats, especially in unsurveyed or highly fragmented landscapes. However, the approach does not apply to species of wide-ranging and environmentally heterogeneous habitats. As well, by targeting only highly specific locations assumed to be "optimal" habitat, the occurrence of rare biota in other areas cannot be definitively determined and some sites will almost certainly be missed. The limitations of the procedure highlight the need for multifaceted biodiversity assessment over large areas.Key words: ecosystem management, rare species, gap analysis, habitat-directed biodiversity survey, reserve network, New Brunswick.

Regional analysis of mammal distributions among Canadian parks: implications for park planning

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Park Planning ◽  
Undisturbed Site ◽  
Composition I ◽  
Large Reserve

An unresolved question in conservation biology is whether a single large reserve will support more or fewer species than several smaller reserves adding up to the same total area, and how this affects species composition. Within 'mammal provinces' of Canada, several parks supported the same number of mammalian species, or more, than a single large park with the same area. The proportion of species that require undisturbed habitats increased with total area conserved. Human disturbances should be reduced in parks because these undisturbed-site species are unable to survive in disturbed environments not protected by a park system. An analysis of species distributions across parks indicated that not all small parks had the same composition. I therefore recommend establishing many parks in a biologically defined region and incorporating as much total area as possible. To aid in developing a strategy for placing parks across Canada, areas with high total mammalian richness and high richness of mammal species intolerant of disturbances are highlighted. Maps showing these areas are particularly useful because it is unlikely that several large parks will be established in every region and it is therefore important to identify the most diverse sites.

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