Predicting occurrences of geographically restricted rare floral elements with qualitative habitat data

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S MacDougall ◽  
J A Loo
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats

Habitat-directed survey methods are often used for locating narrowly distributed rare species and communities across landscapes, though their predictive accuracy varies, depending on the element targeted and the type of data employed. We discuss habitat-directed surveys for rare floral elements in the context of landscape-level management planning, focusing in particular upon a case study from southern New Brunswick. Databases of rare species and community occurrences are important requisites for such planning, but existing information is usually deficient and expensive to develop. A habitat-based approach directs surveys to sites with a higher-than-random probability of hosting rare elements and avoids areas deemed unlikely to be of interest due to environment or disturbance factors. We describe a four-part survey procedure that uses readily available qualitative habitat descriptions and geographic information systems (GIS) based land resource data to identify sites potentially hosting rare biota. The procedure includes remote-sensed and on-site screening to confirm significance and collect ancillary data needed for conservation planning. The use of existing data is cost and time efficient, a necessity given often narrow planning windows and restricted budgets. The method described here is well suited to geographically restricted plant biota associated with distinct habitats, especially in unsurveyed or highly fragmented landscapes. However, the approach does not apply to species of wide-ranging and environmentally heterogeneous habitats. As well, by targeting only highly specific locations assumed to be "optimal" habitat, the occurrence of rare biota in other areas cannot be definitively determined and some sites will almost certainly be missed. The limitations of the procedure highlight the need for multifaceted biodiversity assessment over large areas.Key words: ecosystem management, rare species, gap analysis, habitat-directed biodiversity survey, reserve network, New Brunswick.

scholarly journals Implementation of CCDC to produce the LCMAP Collection 1.0 annual land surface change product

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Xian ◽  
Kelcy Smith ◽  
Danika Wellington ◽  
Josephine Horton ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Surface Change

Abstract. The increasing availability of high-quality remote sensing data and advanced technologies have spurred land cover mapping to characterize land change from local to global scales. However, most land change datasets either span multiple decades at a local scale or cover limited time over a larger geographic extent. Here, we present a new land cover and land surface change dataset created by the Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) program over the conterminous United States (CONUS). The LCMAP land cover change dataset consists of annual land cover and land cover change products over the period 1985–2017 at 30-meter resolution using Landsat and other ancillary data via the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm. In this paper, we describe our novel approach to implement the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP product suite composed of five land cover and five land surface change related products. The LCMAP land cover products were validated using a collection of ~25,000 reference samples collected independently across CONUS. The overall agreement for all years of the LCMAP primary land cover product reached 82.5 %. The LCMAP products are produced through the LCMAP Information Warehouse and Data Store (IW+DS) and Shared Mesos Cluster systems that can process, store, and deliver all datasets for public access. To our knowledge, this is the first set of published 30 m annual land cover and land cover change datasets that span from the 1980s to the present for the United States. The LCMAP product suite provides useful information for land resource management and facilitates studies to improve the understanding of terrestrial ecosystems and the complex dynamics of the Earth system. The LCMAP system could be implemented to produce global land change products in the future.

A gap analysis of tree species representation in the protected areas of the Canadian boreal forest: applying a new assemblage of digital Forest Resource Inventory data

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Cumming ◽  
C. Ronnie Drever ◽  
Mélina Houle ◽  
John Cosco ◽  
Pierre Racine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Resource Inventory ◽  
Forest Resource Inventory ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

We undertook a gap analysis of how protected areas represent the tree-species diversity within the Canadian boreal forest, as measured from Forest Resource Inventory (FRI) maps. We used a new compilation of Forest Resource Inventory designed to support ecological analyses over large areas and across jurisdictional boundaries. The analysis was stratified into four analytical regions determined by terrestrial ecozones. We calculated the relative abundance of species within regions, developed rarity criteria, and evaluated the relative abundances and prevalence of rare species. We characterized representation gaps when the abundance of a tree species in protected areas within an analytical region differed markedly (by more than a factor of 2) from the expectation, calculated as the product of regional abundance and the proportional area protected. Most species were well represented in the most species-diverse region (n = 33), the Boreal Shield in eastern Canada, due apparently to a large number of relatively small protected areas in the southern part of the region. Some marked gaps existed in the more species-depauperate western zones, notably for montane conifers in the Boreal Plains. As is common for species abundance distributions, as few as five species accounted for 90% of total abundance in each zone. Relatively rare species were more numerous. Mostly associated with southern temperate or hemiboreal forests, these reached their highest prevalence and abundance in the managed forests of the Boreal Shield. Our work identified some gaps in representation in the protected areas network of Canada in western Canada, substantiates the use of species distribution mapping based on FRI data to inform conservation planning — including the identification of high conservation biodiversity elements for forest certification — and demonstrates the need for improved vegetation mapping in National Parks.

scholarly journals Distribution of Strobilops aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, in Canada, with two new Ontario records (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Strobilopsidae)

Check List ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Robert G. Forsyth ◽  
Michael J. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Small Range

The geographic distribution of Strobilops aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, a rare species in Canada, is reviewed and all known records are mapped. Two recent records, the only ones since 1941, are reported from the province of Ontario. One of these records represents a small range extension ca. 85 km north of the closest previous site. Specimens identified as S. aeneus from Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were re-examined and found to be another species.

Comparison of Methods for Estimating Annual Productivity of the Copepods Acartia hudsonica and Eurytemora herdmani in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Middlebrook ◽  
John C. Roff
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Acartia Hudsonica ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Eurytemora Herdmani ◽  
Centropages Typicus

Annual productivity of the copepods Acartia hudsonica and Eurytemora herdmani was estimated over a 12-mo period at three sites in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick. The sites were chosen to represent the range of habitats present in the bay. Samples were collected in vertical hauls of a 64-μm-mesh plankton net. Annual productivity was estimated by three methods. Estimates by the temperature–biomass method were 578–677 kJ∙m−2∙yr−1 for A. hudsonica and 63–173 kJ∙m−2∙yr−1 for E. herdmani. Both the mass-specific and cohort P/B methods yielded productivity estimates comparable with those calculated by the temperature–biomass method for E. herdmani. Acartia hudsonica estimates by the P/B methods were lower. We suspect that the cause of this discrepancy is the incorporation of periods of diapause and nonmaximal growth in estimating a mean biomass value for A. hudsonica. Other temporally abundant copepods observed in the bay included Tortanus discaudatus, Temora longicornis, Pseudocalanus sp., Oithona similis, and Centropages typicus. Total copepod productivity, assuming productivity by the rare species to be proportional to their relative numeric contribution, was estimated to be 800–850 kJ∙m−2∙yr−1. Through comparison of these estimates with previously published estimates, we suggest that copepod productivity in coastal areas may be similar over broad geographic areas.

The Necessity, Promise and Challenge of Automated Biodiversity Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Justin Kitzes ◽  
Lauren Schricker
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Occurrence Records

SummaryWe are in the midst of a transformation in the way that biodiversity is observed on the planet. The approach of direct human observation, combining efforts of both professional and citizen scientists, has recently generated unprecedented amounts of data on species distributions and populations. Within just a few years, however, we believe that these data will be swamped by indirect biodiversity observations that are generated by autonomous sensors and machine learning classification models. In this commentary, we discuss three important elements of this shift towards indirect, technology driven observations. First, we note that the biodiversity data sets available today cover a very small fraction of all places and times that could potentially be observed, which suggests the necessity of developing new approaches that can gather such data at even larger scales, with lower costs. Second, we highlight existing tools and efforts that are already available today to demonstrate the promise of automated methods to radically increase biodiversity data collection. Finally, we discuss one specific outstanding challenge in automated biodiversity survey methods, which is how to extract useful knowledge from observations that are uncertain in nature. Throughout, we focus on one particular type of biodiversity data - point occurrence records - that are frequently produced by citizen science projects, museum records and systematic biodiversity surveys. As indirect observation methods increase the spatiotemporal scope of these point occurrence records, ecologists and conservation biologists will be better able to predict shifting species distributions, track changes to populations over time and understand the drivers of biodiversity occurrence.

scholarly journals Penerapan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Untuk Mengukur Kualitas Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat (IKM) Layanan Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan Singosari-Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Rini Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Priority Mapping ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Very High

This study aims to (1) know and analyze the quality and service satisfaction on Artificial Insemination (AIC) Singosari based application Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), (2) to determine the quality of people's satisfaction on service Center for Artificial insemination (AIC) Singosari by Community Satisfaction Index (HPI). The study used a descriptive quantitative survey methods. The population is at BBIB Singosari service users. Acidental samples using sampling techniques with the number of respondents 150 people. Mechanical data using questionnaires and interviews. The analysis is IKM, Gap Analysis and IPA. The results showed: (1) Elements of SME value interests quality levels; A conversion 3,946 SMEs; 98.65, very high SME category means satisfactory service. The level of quality performance IKM value; 4.256 conversions; 106.4, category Very important, so the intervals above 100.00 on a performance level of "A" / Very Good. (2) The results of the study of Interest and Performance with priority mapping IPA there are aspects that need to be improved to make it better. That is; realiability, performance conformity -1.1, -0.1 tangibles, empathy suitability -0.4 performance. To obtain follow-priority repairs by BBIB Singosari.

scholarly journals Land use/ Land cover Change Detection in Auranga River Basin, Jharkhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Chnadrakesh Maurya ◽  
◽  
V. N. Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Classification Technique ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cover Pattern

Land use is a man-made dynamic process in which human uses land resource to fulfil their various economic, social and cultural needs and at the same time it also provides a base for development. The proper management needed for sustainable development of land can improve the eco-system and its productivity in a particular geographical region. The present study focuses on spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover pattern in Auranga river basin of Jharkhand using geospatial approach. Supervised classification technique was applied in this study to detect land use/ land cover changes. The main objective of the study is to analyse temporal change of land use/ land cover pattern during 1996, 2007 and 2018 using various dataset as well as other ancillary data. The result reveales both increase and decrease of the different land use/ land cover classes from 1996 to 2018.

scholarly journals Ancillary data from animal-borne cameras as an ecological survey tool for marine communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Chapple ◽  
D. Tickler ◽  
R. C. Roche ◽  
D. T. I. Bayley ◽  
A. C. Gleiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Survey Tool

AbstractUnderwater visual surveys represent an essential component of coastal marine research and play a crucial role in supporting the management of marine systems. However, logistical and financial considerations can limit the availability of survey data in some systems. While biologging camera tag devices are being attached to an increasing diversity of marine animals to collect behavioral information about the focal species, the ancillary imagery collected can also be used in analytical techniques developed for diver-based surveys. We illustrate this approach by extracting ancillary data from shark-borne camera tag deployments focused on the behavior of a White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) off Gansbaai, South Africa, and a Grey Reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) within the Chagos Archipelago. Within the giant kelp forest environment of Gansbaai we could determine the spatial density of kelp thali and underlying substrate composition. Within the coral reef environment, the animal-borne video allowed us to determine the approximate percent and type of benthic cover, as well as growth form and genus of corals down to the upper mesophotic zone. We also enumerated fish species-level abundance over reef flat and wall environments. We used established dive-survey methods to analyze video data and found the results to be broadly comparable in the two systems studied. Our work illustrates the broad applicability of ancillary animal-borne video data, which is analogous in type and quality to diver-based video data, for analysis in established marine community survey frameworks. As camera tags and associated biologging technologies continue to develop and are adapted to new environments, utilising these data could have wide-ranging applications and could maximise the overall cost–benefit ratio within biologging deployments.

Integrating habitat suitability modelling and assessment of the conservation gaps of nature reserves for the threatened Reeves’s Pheasant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
SHAN TIAN ◽  
SHUAI LU ◽  
JUNQIN HUA ◽  
JIANG CHANG ◽  
JIANQIANG LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Habitat Suitability Modelling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multiple Species

Summary As threats to biodiversity proliferate, establishment and expansion of protected areas have increasingly been advocated in recent decades. In establishing a network of protected areas, recurrent assessments of the biodiversity conservation actually afforded by these areas is required. Gap analysis has been useful to evaluate the sufficiency and performance of protected areas. We surveyed Reeves’s Pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii populations in 2018–2019 across its distribution range in central China to quantify the distribution of habitat suitable for this species. Our goal was to ascertain the current distribution of Reeves’s Pheasant and then identify the gaps in protecting Reeves’s Pheasant of the existing national nature reserve (NNR) network to provide suggestions for improving the conservation of this important species. The existing NNR network encompassed only 17.0% of the habitat suitable for Reeves’s Pheasant. Based on the current distributions of both suitable habitat and NNRs for Reeves’s Pheasant, we suggest most currently unprotected areas comprised moderately suitable habitat for species and should be prioritized in the future. A multiple species approach using Reeves’s Pheasant as a flagship species should be considered to understand the extent of mismatch between the distributions of protected areas and suitable habitat to improve the management effectiveness of NNRs. This case study provides an example of how the development of a conservation reserve network may be based on species distribution and habitat assessments and is useful to conservation efforts in other regions and for other species.

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