Occurrences of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin –degrading bacteria in a eutrophic reservoir and the role of cell-bound versus dissolved fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 113304
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Clercin ◽  
Gregory K. Druschel ◽  
Mark Gray
Keyword(s):  
Eutrophic Reservoir ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Catabolism of organophosphonates: biochemistry, physiology and interactions of degrading bacteria in the environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Ermakova ◽  
Alexey Leontievsky ◽  
Alexey Sviridov ◽  
Tatyana Shushkova ◽  
Dmitriy Epiktetov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Structure Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The major contribution of microorganisms in metabolism of natural and synthetic phosphonates, the biochemical bases of these processes and possible interactions between degrading bacteria in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems are presented in the light of the recent data on significant role of reduced phosphorus compounds in the biosphere. Special emphasis is placed on C-P lyase and phosphonatase which are pivotal enzyme systems for catabolism of both natural and synthetic phosphonates. Modern data on structure, diversity, regulation and physiological role of both enzymes are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Steroid Degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441: Identification of the Entire β-Oxidation Cycle of the Cleaved B Ring

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masae Horinouchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Koshino ◽  
Michal Malon ◽  
Hiroshi Hirota ◽  
Toshiaki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Globally Distributed

ABSTRACT Comamonas testosteroni TA441 degrades steroids via aromatization of the A ring, followed by degradation of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, mainly by β-oxidation. In this study, we revealed that 7β,9α-dihydroxy-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostanoic acid-coenzyme A (CoA) ester is dehydrogenated by (3S)-3-hydroxylacyl CoA-dehydrogenase, encoded by scdE (ORF27), and then the resultant 9α-hydroxy-7,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid-CoA ester is converted by 3-ketoacyl-CoA transferase, encoded by scdF (ORF23). With these results, the whole cycle of β-oxidation on the side chain at C-8 of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid is clarified; 9-hydroxy-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid-CoA ester is dehydrogenated at C-6 by ScdC1C2, followed by hydration by ScdD. 7β,9α-Dihydroxy-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostanoic acid-CoA ester then is dehydrogenated by ScdE to be converted to 9α-hydroxy-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,10,19-octanorandrostan-7-oic acid-CoA ester and acetyl-CoA by ScdF. ScdF is an ortholog of FadA6 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, which was reported as a 3-ketoacyl-CoA transferase involved in C ring cleavage. We also obtained results suggesting that ScdF is also involved in C ring cleavage, but further investigation is required for confirmation. ORF25 and ORF26, located between scdF and scdE, encode enzymes belonging to the amidase superfamily. Disrupting either ORF25 or ORF26 did not affect steroid degradation. Among the bacteria having gene clusters similar to those of tesB to tesR, some have both ORF25- and ORF26-like proteins or only an ORF26-like protein, but others do not have either ORF25- or ORF26-like proteins. ORF25 and ORF26 are not crucial for steroid degradation, yet they might provide clues to elucidate the evolution of bacterial steroid degradation clusters. IMPORTANCE Studies on bacterial steroid degradation were initiated more than 50 years ago primarily to obtain materials for steroid drugs. Steroid-degrading bacteria are globally distributed, and the role of bacterial steroid degradation in the environment as well as in relation to human health is attracting attention. The overall aerobic degradation of the four basic steroidal rings has been proposed; however, there is still much to be revealed to understand the complete degradation pathway. This study aims to uncover the whole steroid degradation process in Comamonas testosteroni TA441 as a model of steroid-degrading bacteria. C. testosteroni is one of the most studied representative steroid-degrading bacteria and is suitable for exploring the degradation pathway, because the involvement of degradation-related genes can be determined by gene disruption. Here, we elucidated the entire β-oxidation cycle of the cleaved B ring. This cycle is essential for the following C and D ring cleavage.

scholarly journals Specific Effect of Trace Metals on Marine Heterotrophic Microbial Activity and Diversity: Key Role of Iron and Zinc and Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Baltar ◽  
Andrés Gutiérrez-Rodríguez ◽  
Moana Meyer ◽  
Isadora Skudelny ◽  
Sylvia Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Gut microbiota facilitates dietary heme-induced epithelial hyperproliferation by opening the mucus barrier in colon

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (32) ◽  
pp. 10038-10043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noortje Ijssennagger ◽  
Clara Belzer ◽  
Guido J. Hooiveld ◽  
Jan Dekker ◽  
Saskia W. C. van Mil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Mucus Barrier

Colorectal cancer risk is associated with diets high in red meat. Heme, the pigment of red meat, induces cytotoxicity of colonic contents and elicits epithelial damage and compensatory hyperproliferation, leading to hyperplasia. Here we explore the possible causal role of the gut microbiota in heme-induced hyperproliferation. To this end, mice were fed a purified control or heme diet (0.5 μmol/g heme) with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics for 14 d. Heme-induced hyperproliferation was shown to depend on the presence of the gut microbiota, because hyperproliferation was completely eliminated by antibiotics, although heme-induced luminal cytotoxicity was sustained in these mice. Colon mucosa transcriptomics revealed that antibiotics block heme-induced differential expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and cell turnover genes, implying that antibiotic treatment prevented the heme-dependent cytotoxic micelles to reach the epithelium. Our results indicate that this occurs because antibiotics reinforce the mucus barrier by eliminating sulfide-producing bacteria and mucin-degrading bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia). Sulfide potently reduces disulfide bonds and can drive mucin denaturation and microbial access to the mucus layer. This reduction results in formation of trisulfides that can be detected in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, trisulfides can serve as a novel marker of colonic mucolysis and thus as a proxy for mucus barrier reduction. In feces, antibiotics drastically decreased trisulfides but increased mucin polymers that can be lysed by sulfide. We conclude that the gut microbiota is required for heme-induced epithelial hyperproliferation and hyperplasia because of the capacity to reduce mucus barrier function.

Engineered Clays as Sustainable Oil Dispersants in the Presence of Model Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria: The Role of Bacterial Sequestration and Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 14143-14153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzhana Omarova ◽  
Lauren T. Swientoniewski ◽  
Igor Kevin Mkam Tsengam ◽  
Abhishek Panchal ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oil Dispersants ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Effects of tannins on population dynamics of sympatric seed-eating rodents: the potential role of gut tannin-degrading bacteria

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihao Zhang ◽  
Andrew W. Bartlow ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Xianfeng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Seed Eating

Role of eukaryotic microbiota in soil survival and catabolic performance of the 2,4-D herbicide degrading bacteria Cupriavidus necator JMP134

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Manzano ◽  
Ana C. Morán ◽  
Bruno Tesser ◽  
Bernardo González
Keyword(s):  
Cupriavidus Necator ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

scholarly journals Chitin Heterodisaccharide, Released from Chitin by Chitinase and Chitin Oligosaccharide Deacetylase, Enhances the Chitin-Metabolizing Ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Hirano ◽  
Manabu Okubo ◽  
Hironobu Tsuda ◽  
Masahiro Yokoyama ◽  
Wataru Hakamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chitin Degradation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Chitinase Production

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633 secretes both chitinase and chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase and produces β-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc-GlcN) from chitin. Previously, we reported that GlcNAc-GlcN induces chitinase production by several strains of Vibrio harboring chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase genes (T. Hirano, K. Kadokura, T. Ikegami, Y. Shigeta, et al., Glycobiology 19:1046–1053, 2009). The metabolism of chitin by Vibrio was speculated on the basis of the findings of previous studies, and the role of chitin oligosaccharide produced from chitin has been well studied. However, the role of GlcNAc-GlcN in the Vibrio chitin degradation system, with the exception of the above-mentioned function as an inducer of chitinase production, remains unclear. N,N′-Diacetylchitobiose, a homodisaccharide produced from chitin, is known to induce the expression of genes encoding several proteins involved in chitin metabolism in Vibrio strains (K. L. Meibom, X. B. Li, A. Nielsen, C. Wu, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:2524–2529, 2004). We therefore hypothesized that GlcNAc-GlcN also affects the expression of enzymes involved in chitin metabolism in the same manner. In this study, we examined the induction of protein expression by several sugars released from chitin using peptide mass fingerprinting and confirmed the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in chitin metabolism using real-time quantitative PCR analysis. We then confirmed that GlcNAc-GlcN induces the expression of genes encoding many soluble enzymes involved in chitin degradation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Here, we demonstrate that GlcNAc-GlcN enhances the chitin-metabolizing ability of V. parahaemolyticus. IMPORTANCE We demonstrate that β-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc-GlcN) enhances the chitin-metabolizing ability of V. parahaemolyticus. Members of the genus Vibrio are chitin-degrading bacteria, and some species of this genus are associated with diseases affecting fish and animals, including humans (F. L. Thompson, T. Iida, and J. Swings, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:403–431, 2004; M. Y. Ina-Salwany, N. Al-Saari, A. Mohamad, F.-A. Mursidi, et al., J Aquat Anim Health 31:3–22, 2019). Studies on Vibrio are considered important, as they may facilitate the development of solutions related to health, food, and aquaculture problems attributed to this genus. This report enhances the current understanding of chitin degradation by Vibrio bacteria.

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