The difference of morphological characteristics and population structure in PAO and DPAOgranular sludges

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

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Research on China's Population Structure in the New Situation

Macro Management & Public Policies ◽

10.30564/mmpp.v2i2.1659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jingxuan Cui ◽

Mengshuai Yin ◽

Zerong Liu

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Rural Population ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Multiple Regression Equation ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Men And Women ◽

Child Policy ◽

Dynamic Perspective ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

To analyze the impact of the “two-child policy” on the population size and structure, first of all, the birth rate, the ratio of men and women, and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators. Before and after the dispersion, then establish a PDE model, and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy; continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy, and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis, and a related regression equation is obtained. Finally, the future marriage problem is analyzed, considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time. The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth, focusing on a dynamic perspective.

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INVESTIGATION ON PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS IN MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB)

Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology ◽

10.15282/jceib.v3i1.3877 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 87-96

Author(s):

Muhammad Arif Fahmi Supian ◽

Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin ◽

Saidatul Shima Jamari ◽

Shahril Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Characteristic Peak ◽

Reinforcing Agent ◽

Good Potential ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Pre Treatment

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from empty fruit bunch (EFB) with alkaline treatment, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatment and its properties were compared with commercial MCC. Two conditions were optimized in this study which are fiber consistency and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration in alkaline pretreatment. The obtained optimum consistency and alkaline concentration are 5% and 20%respectively. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics, elemental composition and size distribution of the obtained alpha cellulose and MCC were analyzed in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis provided clear evidence that the characteristic peak of lignin and hemicellulose were absent in the spectrum of the alpha cellulose and MCC. The difference in surface morphology and aggregation between alpha cellulose, MCC and commercialized MCC were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mean length of approximately 251.3 μm, 41.4 μm and 138.6 μm were measured for alpha cellulose, MCC and commercialized MCC respectively. Thus, the isolated MCC from EFB has a good potential to be utilized as reinforcing agent in green composites and may be a precursor for future roselle derived nanocellulose, and thus a promising subject in nanocomposite research.

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Crude Oil Degrading Fingerprint and the Overexpression of Oxidase and Invasive Genes for n-hexadecane and Crude Oil Degradation in the Acinetobacter pittii H9-3 Strain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16020188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yang Wang ◽

Qiuyu Wang ◽

Limei Liu

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oil Degradation ◽

16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽

Degrading Bacterium ◽

Branched Alkanes ◽

Crude Oil Degradation ◽

Acinetobacter Pittii ◽

The Difference

A crude oil-degrading bacterium named strain H9-3 was isolated from crude oil contaminated soil in the Northeastern area of China. Based on its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain H9-3 is affiliated to Acinetobacter pittii in the group of Gammaproteobacteria. The strain was efficient in removing 36.8% of the initial 10 g·L - 1 of crude oil within 21 days. GC-MS was performed and a preference was shown for n-C10, n-C11, i-C14, i-C17, i-C34, n-C12, n-C13, n-C14, n-C27, n-C32 and i-C13, over n-C16, n-C18–C22, n-C24–n-C31, and n-C36. This can be regarded as the specific fingerprint for crude oil degradation by strain H9-3 of Acinetobacter pittii. In addition to crude oil, it was shown that soybean oil and phenols can be utilized as carbon sources by strain H9-3. It was also shown that aniline and α -naphthol cannot be utilized for growth, but they can be tolerated by strain H9-3. Methylbenzene was neither utilized nor tolerated by strain H9-3. Although n-hexadecane was not preferentially consumed by strain H9-3, during culture with crude oil, it could be utilized for growth when it is the sole carbon source. The degradation of some branched alkanes (i-C14, i-C17 and i-C34) and the preferential degradation of crude oil over phenols could be used as a reference for distinguishing A. pittii from A. calcoaceticus. The difference in gene expression was very significant and was induced by diverse carbon sources, as shown in the qRT-PCR results. The oxidation and adhesion events occurred at high frequency during alkane degration by Acinetobacter pittii strain H9-3 cells.

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Amplifiers of selection

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2015.0114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 471 (2181) ◽

pp. 20150114 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. Adlam ◽

K. Chatterjee ◽

M. A. Nowak

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Probability Distribution ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Large Population ◽

Fixation Probability ◽

Population Structures ◽

The Difference ◽

Large Population Limit

When a new mutant arises in a population, there is a probability it outcompetes the residents and fixes. The structure of the population can affect this fixation probability. Suppressing population structures reduce the difference between two competing variants, while amplifying population structures enhance the difference. Suppressors are ubiquitous and easy to construct, but amplifiers for the large population limit are more elusive and only a few examples have been discovered. Whether or not a population structure is an amplifier of selection depends on the probability distribution for the placement of the invading mutant. First, we prove that there exist only bounded amplifiers for adversarial placement—that is, for arbitrary initial conditions. Next, we show that the Star population structure, which is known to amplify for mutants placed uniformly at random, does not amplify for mutants that arise through reproduction and are therefore placed proportional to the temperatures of the vertices. Finally, we construct population structures that amplify for all mutational events that arise through reproduction, uniformly at random, or through some combination of the two.

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Morphometry and population structure of non-harvested and harvested populations of the Japanese red coral (Paracorallium japonicum) off Amami Island, southern Japan

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf11254 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 468 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nozomu Iwasaki ◽

Toshihiko Fujita ◽

Giorgio Bavestrello ◽

Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Rest Period ◽

Main Mode ◽

Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽

Red Coral ◽

Southern Japan ◽

Northern Pacific ◽

The Difference ◽

Sustainable Fishery

Precious coral harvested in the Mediterranean Sea and the northern Pacific Ocean is of commercial value yet excessive fishing has led to a serious decline in its abundance. Consequently, there is now international discussion about controlling the world trade of precious coral. To explore the possibility of a sustainable fishery of Japanese red coral (Paracorallium japonicum), the morphometry and the population structure of populations in a non-harvested area and in a harvested area were investigated using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) off Amami Island, Southern Japan, in 2009. In the harvested population, the estimated modal ages are 10 to 20 years. In contrast, the main mode in the non-harvested population extends widely from 20 to 40 years, with a small but distinct secondary mode between 50 and 60 years. Commercially collected specimens are mainly 30–40 years old. The difference in the modes of non-harvested and harvested populations suggests that harvested populations return to the pre-fishing level after at least 10–20 years of a biological rest period. This study indicates a rotational harvest is useful for sustainable management.

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Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) on lower volta river basin channel, Ghana

African Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.33472/afjbs.1.1.2019.1-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 01

Author(s):

Eniade Abiodun Adeyemi ◽

Odedeyi Dominic Olabode ◽

Bello-Olusoji A Oluayo ◽

Adebayo Olabode Thomas ◽

Agyakwah Seth Koranteng

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

River Basin ◽

Morphological Characteristics

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COMPARISON OF CEMELE PEPPER WITH BELL PEPPER GENOTYPES (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) WITH RESPECT TO AGRONOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2021.2.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 121-134

Author(s):

Hakan Başak

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Characterization Study ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Main Component

This study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to compare Cemele pepper with other bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) genotypes with respect to agronomic and morphological traits. Totally 75 bell peppper genotypes were collected from the centrum and villages of Kırşehir province. For a total of 48 agronomic and morphological characteristics of pepper genotype, the characterization study of IPGRI according to the criteria of the International Union of Plant Protection Preservation (UPOV) were done made. As a result of the principal component analysis, total 11 main component axes were obtained and these axes represented 73.25% of the total variance. Genotypes were divided into 15 groups in dendrogram according to morphological and agronomic characteristics. The mean of the quantitative characteristics of each group was determined and it was determined which group or group was the difference between them. As a result of cluster analysis; D1, D20, D54, D67K, D43 and D39 coded genotypes were determined to be the most distant genotypes in terms of agronomic and morphological degree of relation. To conclude, with the identification of the genotypes of bell peppers in Kırşehir province, it will provide significant advantages in future pepper breeding studies as well as contributing to the formation of pepper database.

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Recommendations for diagnosing STIC: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Virchows Archiv ◽

10.1007/s00428-021-03244-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joep M. A. Bogaerts ◽

Miranda P. Steenbeek ◽

Majke H. D. van Bommel ◽

Johan Bulten ◽

Jeroen A. W. M. van der Laak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Precursor Lesions ◽

Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Absolute Requirement ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Intraepithelial Carcinoma ◽

The Difference ◽

Risk Reducing

AbstractOur understanding of the oncogenesis of high-grade serous cancer of the ovary and its precursor lesions, such as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), has significantly increased over the last decades. Adequate and reproducible diagnosis of these precursor lesions is important. Diagnosing STIC can have prognostic consequences and is an absolute requirement for safely offering alternative risk reducing strategies, such as risk reducing salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy. However, diagnosing STIC is a challenging task, possessing only moderate reproducibility. In this review and meta-analysis, we look at how pathologists come to a diagnosis of STIC. We performed a literature search identifying 39 studies on risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with a known BRCA1/2 PV, collectively reporting on 6833 patients. We found a pooled estimated proportion of STIC of 2.8% (95% CI, 2.0–3.7). We focused on reported grossing protocols, morphological criteria, level of pathologist training, and the use of immunohistochemistry. The most commonly mentioned morphological characteristics of STIC are (1) loss of cell polarity, (2) nuclear pleomorphism, (3) high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, (4) mitotic activity, (5) pseudostratification, and (6) prominent nucleoli. The difference in reported incidence of STIC between studies who totally embedded all specimens and those who did not was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.3–4.2) versus 1.7% (95% CI, 0.0–6.2) (p 0.24). We provide an overview of diagnostic features and present a framework for arriving at an adequate diagnosis, consisting of the use of the SEE-FIM grossing protocol, evaluation by a subspecialized gynecopathologist, rational use of immunohistochemical staining, and obtaining a second opinion from a colleague.

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Effect of Solvents on the Electrical and Morphological Characteristics of Polymer Solar Cells

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 228 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jun Kim

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Bulk Heterojunction ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Visible Absorption ◽

Effect Of Solvents ◽

The Difference

The nanoscale morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71. butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blend film is affected by various parameters such as the solvent, coating, and thermal annealing conditions. We investigated the effect of solvents on the performance of inverted solar cells based on the active layer of a P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction. P3HT and PCBM (weight ratio 1:0.8) were dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) and dichlorobenzene (DCB). The difference in the volatility characteristics of the solvents resulted in different P3HT crystallite morphologies. The difference in the P3HT:PCBM film morphology was systemically investigated via atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. The DCB solvent lead to better P3HT crystallinity and device performance. For example, the short-circuit current density (JSC) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device using DCB (9.89 mA/cm2 and 3.62%, respectively) were larger than those (9.12 mA/cm2 and 3.01%) of the device using CB.

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