scholarly journals Research on China's Population Structure in the New Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Cui ◽  
Mengshuai Yin ◽  
Zerong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

To analyze the impact of the “two-child policy” on the population size and structure, first of all, the birth rate, the ratio of men and women, and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators. Before and after the dispersion, then establish a PDE model, and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy; continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy, and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis, and a related regression equation is obtained. Finally, the future marriage problem is analyzed, considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time. The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth, focusing on a dynamic perspective.

scholarly journals Woman in the security and defense sector: harmony of professional and personal life

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Larysa Martseniuk ◽  
Oleksiy Hruzdiev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Horizontal Competition ◽  
Service Relationships ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The author has outlined the main violations of women's rights in Ukraine, including in the security and defense sector. The author emphasizes that the process of introducing gender equality in the security sector of Ukraine has certain specifics. The author has identified the impact of armed conflicts on men and women and the main problematic issues that arise in the work of women law enforcement officers and affect her "self-concept". The main problems that occur in the professional environment of law enforcement include the following: service relationships in the "vertical" and "horizontal", competition between women and men, identity crisis. The main international documents that enshrine the equal rights of women and men, and areas for strengthening the role of women in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are analyzed. The main problems that cause gender imbalance in military service include: the presence of gender and corporate stereotypes, insufficient regulation of administrative and living conditions, restrictions on women's social rights in compliance with current legislation on motherhood and childhood, the prohibitionof certain military professions for women , the lack of equal rights when entering military service at the stage of choosing education, the limited list of military positions to which women servicemen may be appointed, the difference in the status positions of servicemen-men and women during the change of service military service, different order of execution of punishments assigned to female servicemen and male servicemen. In order to achieve the principle of work-life balance, the author has recommended to consider five important aspects of life: health, relationships, career, self-improvement, leisure.

DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINE: GENERAL TRENDS AND IMPACT MODELING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Yavorska ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Danko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The object of the study is the digital competitiveness of the country and its impact on GDP. The paper summarizes the methodology for determining the rating of global digital competitiveness and investigates the impact of digital competitiveness on GDP using econometric analysis methods. The methodological basis of the study was the fundamental principles of economic theory, statistics and econometrics. To develop a statistical model of the relationship between digital competitiveness and GDP, correlation analysis was performed using the pairwise regression equation, and to influence individual factors - a linear multiple regression equation. The parameters of the constructed models by the method of least squares are estimated and their statistical significance is checked. The results of the study show that there is a close inverse relationship between the rating on the Digital Competitiveness Index and GDP. This is due to the fact that the linear correlation coefficient is -0.819, and the value of the coefficient of determination (0.6712) shows the decisive influence of digital competitiveness on GDP. Verification of the statistical significance of the constructed model allowed to recognize it as statistically reliable, which allows to use it for forecasting. Instead, the resulting econometric model of the relationship between individual factors of digital competitiveness rating and GDP is characterized by a strong inverse relationship between the two factors "Knowledge" and "Technology" and a direct relationship between the factor "Readiness for the future". The factor of "Knowledge", which characterizes the process of digital transformation of Ukraine through understanding, studying and creating new technologies, has a decisive influence on the volume of GDP. The developed model of the relationship between individual factors of digital competitiveness rating and GDP, as adequate and statistically significant, can be used for further analysis and forecasting. It is proved that the process of digitalization is an urgent need for the existence of the economic system at present, namely the introduction of digital technologies can increase the competitiveness of the country on the world stage.

The Effect of Gender Stereotypes on Explicit and Implicit Career Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuma Gadassi ◽  
Itamar Gati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Short List ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Career Preferences

The present study compared gender differences in directly reported and indirectly derived career preferences and tested the hypothesis that individuals' implicit preferences would show less gender-biased occupational choices than their directly elicited ones. Two hundred sixty-six visitors to a career-related Internet site were asked to (a) list 5 to 10 suitable occupations (the directly reported list) and (b) report their preferences in terms of 31 career-related aspects. The latter were used to produce a short list of promising occupational alternatives (the indirectly derived list), using the occupational database of an Internet-based career planning system. Each occupation in the database rated for sex dominance. The findings indicated that the sex dominance ratings of the occupations on the directly reported list accorded with the participants' gender for both men and women: Men's lists included mostly “masculine” occupations, whereas women's lists included mostly “feminine” occupations. This gender bias was significantly lower for the implicit lists. The difference between the directly reported and the indirectly derived lists was larger for women than for men, suggesting that the impact of stereotypes is more pronounced in women's than in men's directly reported career preferences.

scholarly journals Mortality by marital status in the Republic of Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.

scholarly journals The impact of economic and demographic events in the biography of Russians on the level of their life satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The article examines anticipation and adaptation effects in relation to life satisfaction in case of economic (related to labour market) and demographic events in people’s lives. The author estimates how individuals feel in the vicinity of significant life events and tracks the asymmetry of results for women and men. The calculations are based on panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the period 2004–2019. Using pooled regression and the difference-in-differences approach, the author tests the hypothesis that men are more sensitive to economic events while women are more sensitive to demographic ones. The results indicate that there is no consistent asymmetry of effects for men and women. On average, citizens of Russia tend to anticipate events that will happen to them in the next three years. Generally, Russians do not adapt to new conditions after economic events, however, this does not apply to individual demographic shocks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Networking Sites on Body Dissatisfaction among Men and Women: a Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in impact between men and women on the effects that social networking sites (SNS) have on body dissatisfaction. A total of eight studies (with 48 effect sizes) involving participants being assessed on SNS use frequency and body dissatisfaction in which some correlation was determined were used for this meta-analysis. The current study also chose to evaluate three different moderators: gender, age, and measurement type. Correlations from each study were collected in order to compute a single pooled effect size. The proportion of men and mean age were also collected from each study in order to assess the gender and age moderators. Types of measurements were coded either as 0 (study used a measurement specifically designed to assess body satisfaction/dissatisfaction) or 1 (study used a subscale from a larger measurement that assessed body satisfaction/dissatisfaction). The pooled effect size showed significance in the overall association between SNS use frequency and body dissatisfaction which supports the findings of previous research. However, neither of the moderators were found to be significant, ultimately rejecting the hypothesis of the current study. This finding may be due to the major limitation of the lack of research available surrounding this topic.

scholarly journals Population structure of Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) in relation to habitat disturbance and vegetation characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti - Nurfadilah
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Disturbed Habitat ◽  
Orchid Conservation ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Nurfadilah S. 2020. Population structure of Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) in relation to habitat disturbance and vegetation characteristics. Biodiversitas 21: 1422-1431. Habitat disturbance can have large impacts on the persistence, survival, and growth of plant populations, particularly for orchids, one of the most threatened plant families. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of habitat disturbance on the population of a terrestrial orchid, Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr, in terms of its population structure which is important in determining population viability for the species survival. The species occurred in three habitat types (disturbed habitat i.e. totally converted habitat into cananga plantation, burnt habitat, and undisturbed habitat). Plots of 2 m x 2 m were established in these three habitat types and the population structure of G. densiflorum in these three habitat types was analyzed. After analysis, three population types could be distinguished (i) 'regressive population' in disturbed habitat characterized by the absence of seedlings and dominated by generative adults, (ii) 'dynamic population' in burnt habitat characterized by a large proportion of young individuals (seedlings and juveniles) relative to the adults, and (iii) 'normal population' in undisturbed habitat characterized by the prevalence of adults but a small proportion of young individuals. The variation in the population structure of G. densiflorum appears to be related to the difference in vegetation characteristics of the three habitat types. The absence of seedlings of G. densiflorum in disturbed habitat was related to the grasses dominating vegetation that could inhibit seedling recruitment of G. densiflorum. Grasses were absent and hardly occurred in burnt habitat and undisturbed habitat allowing seedling recruitments of G. densiflorum in these habitat types. The highest seedling proportion and density of G. densiflorum were observed in burnt habitat as burning can remove aboveground biomass and reduce competition with surrounding vegetation providing safe microsites for seedling establishment and recruitment. The present study has implication in the orchid conservation and provide recommendation for the orchid conservation (i) to avoid totally converted habitat as it had consequences on the absence of seedling recruitment (ii) to perform mowing and managed burning to increase seedling recruitment of G. densiflorum which is important for population enlargement, persistence, and survival.

11. The Gender Wage Gap of Recent University Graduates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Search Model ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Current

The purpose of this research was to question whether the behavioural tendencies of men and women could help explain the gender wage gap of recent university graduates. It was conducted after discovering that a 2013 study found that even once accounting for observable characteristics such as age, experience, industry, occupation, and field of study, female graduates were still earning 6-14% less than their male counterparts. Using the willingness of a graduate to gamble a current job offer for a potentially better job offer in the future as a proxy for risk, this research investigates the impact risk preferences have on the gender wage gap. More specifically, it attempts to calculate how much of the observed wage gap can be attributed to the greater risk aversion of women.  Our data was from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Using a McCall Job Search model and an MLE, we found that women take approximately 4.5 fewer weeks to accept a job, accept significantly lower starting salaries, and are systematically offered lower salaries than their male counterparts. Furthermore, we found that women have an Arrow-Pratt coefficient almost 1.25 times that of men. These results suggest that women are more willing to accept lower wage positions offered to them today because they are less willing to gamble that a higher wage position will come along tomorrow. Moreover, they propose that this female unwillingness to gamble can explain up to a quarter of the difference in the wages accepted by men and women. 

The difference between men and women

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Christine Espinola-Klein
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference
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