scholarly journals Methodology for determining the threshold distance for estimating the main EM exposure contribution in WLAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández ◽  
David Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Distance

scholarly journals Laboratory test and numerical simulation of composite geomembrane leakage in plain reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 651-662
Author(s):  
Jinping Luo ◽  
Guoxiang Huang ◽  
Yanni Shao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Quanyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Seepage Discharge ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leakage Location

Abstract Plain reservoir plays an important role in alleviating water shortage in plain areas which are generally crowded with large populations. As an effective and cheap anti-seepage measure, geomembrane is widely applied in plain reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the seepage discharge caused by composite geomembrane leakage. The laboratory test and numerical calculation are carried out in this paper to analyze the influence of three factors (i.e., water head, leakage size, and leakage location) on seepage discharge. It is found from the results of the orthogonal and single-factor analysis that the impact order of the three factors on the seepage discharge of plain reservoir is: distance from dam toe > water head > leakage size. Moreover, the seepage discharge increases as the water head, leakage size, and leakage quantity increase, in a linear relation. The opposite trend can be sawed in the seepage discharge when the distance from dam toe rises. Furthermore, a threshold distance is innovatively presented based on the results of numerical analysis. The ranking of three factors has enlightening significance for future scholars to track and study key issues of the leakage of composite geomembrane. The threshold distance presented in this paper is beneficial for engineers to manage and maintain the reservoir. Generally, the findings of this study can be beneficial to deepen the understanding of the influence of composite geomembrane leakage on the plain reservoirs.

scholarly journals Спектральные характеристики и перенос энергии Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-->Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-->Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в соединении LuBO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-(Ce, Tb, Eu)

2022 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
С.З. Шмурак ◽  
В.В. Кедров ◽  
А.П. Киселев ◽  
Т.Н. Фурсова ◽  
И.И. Зверькова
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Luminous Intensity ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Threshold Distance

The structure, IR, luminescence, and luminescence excitation spectra of Ce3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ ions in Lu1−2xCexEuхBO3 and Lu0.91−2xCexTb0.09EuхBO3 solid solutions were studied. The minimum "threshold" distance between Ce3+ and Eu3+ ions was estimated, at which there is no charge transfer between these ions, leading to the quenching of Ce3+ and Eu3+ luminescence. It is shown that in Lu0.91−2xCexTb0.09EuхBO3 compounds, the range of Ce and Eu concentrations of 0.2 – 0.25 at. % is optimal for obtaining the maximum luminous intensity of this compound.

A game of patience between predator and prey: waiting for opponent’s action determines successful capture or escape

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-357
Author(s):  
Nozomi Nishiumi ◽  
Akira Mori
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
Successful Capture ◽  
Pelophylax Nigromaculatus

When predator and prey animals face each other, preemptive actions by both sides are considered to mediate successful capture or escape. However, in spite of the general presumption, some animals, such as predatory snakes and their frog prey, occasionally remain motionless or move slowly for a while before striking or escaping, respectively. To clarify the possible advantages of this behaviour, we examined interactions between Japanese Four-lined Ratsnakes (Elaphe quadrivirgata (H. Boie, 1826)) and Black-spotted Pond Frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Hallowell, 1861)), focusing especially on kinematic features of strike behaviour of snakes and flight behaviour of frogs in close quarters. Staged encounter experiments and field observations revealed that counteractions against an opponent’s preemptive actions are effective for both snakes and frogs until a certain distance because they are hardly able to change their trajectories once they initiate strike or escape behaviours. Snakes and frogs also appropriately switched their behaviour from waiting for the opponent’s action to taking preemptive action at this threshold distance. These results suggested the occurrence of a game of patience between snakes and frogs in which they wait for the opponent’s action to achieve effective countermeasures. Our study provides new insights for predicting optimal decision-making by predators and prey and will contribute to a better understanding of their strategies.

scholarly journals Unit Disk Graph-Based Node Similarity Index for Complex Network Analysis

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Natarajan Meghanathan
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Unit Disk ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Unit Disk Graph ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Node Level ◽  
Centrality Metrics ◽  
Node Similarity

We seek to quantify the extent of similarity among nodes in a complex network with respect to two or more node-level metrics (like centrality metrics). In this pursuit, we propose the following unit disk graph-based approach: we first normalize the values for the node-level metrics (using the sum of the squares approach) and construct a unit disk graph of the network in a coordinate system based on the normalized values of the node-level metrics. There exists an edge between two vertices in the unit disk graph if the Euclidean distance between the two vertices in the normalized coordinate system is within a threshold value (ranging from 0 tok, where k is the number of node-level metrics considered). We run a binary search algorithm to determine the minimum value for the threshold distance that would yield a connected unit disk graph of the vertices. We refer to “1 − (minimum threshold distance/k)” as the node similarity index (NSI; ranging from 0 to 1) for the complex network with respect to the k node-level metrics considered. We evaluate the NSI values for a suite of 60 real-world networks with respect to both neighborhood-based centrality metrics (degree centrality and eigenvector centrality) and shortest path-based centrality metrics (betweenness centrality and closeness centrality).

The Threshold Distance Associated With Walking From Home to School

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez-López ◽  
Zeus M. Salas-Fariña ◽  
Emilio Villa-González ◽  
Milkana Borges-Cosic ◽  
Manuel Herrador-Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Distance

scholarly journals Analysis of some key aspects of soil/foundation interaction-Finite elements modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Hamidi Ahmed ◽  
Bouafia Ali
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Saturated Clay ◽  
Foundation Base ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
Finite Elements Modelling ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Strip Footings

This paper is aimed to contribute to the analysis of three important aspects of soil-foundation interaction, which are not clearly investigated, by means of a detailed parametric study based on a finite elements modelling. The first aspect focuses on the effect of the bedrock proximity on the load-settlement behaviour of a continuous or circular shallow foundation. It was found there exists a threshold distance between the foundation base and the top of the bedrock layer beyond which the foundation behaves as in an infinitely deep medium. The second one deals with the behaviour of shallow foundation on a bi-layered soil where the effect of the underlying layer on the bearing capacity as well as on the settlements depends on the distance between the foundation base and the top of the underlying layer, and beyond a threshold value this effect vanishes. The third aspect studied was the interference between two strip footings installed on saturated clay. It was shown within a threshold distance between these foundations, an important modification of the foundation behaviour may occur. Finally, the numerical results were fitted and interpreted which allowed suggesting simple practical formulae for shallow foundations design.

Two-point touch discrimination depends on the perceived length of the arm

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Harris ◽  
Sarah D’Amour ◽  
Lisa M. Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Psychometric Function ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Discrimination Threshold ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Tendon Vibration ◽  
Threshold Distance

Two-point discrimination threshold depends on the number and size of receptive fields between the touches. But what determines the size of the receptive fields? Are they anatomically fixed? Or are they related to perceived body size? To answer this question we manipulated perceived arm length using the Pinocchio illusion. The test arm was held at the wrist and the holding arm was made to feel perceptually more extended than it was by applying vibration to the tendon of the biceps (cf. de Vignemont et al., 2005). For control trials the holding arm was vibrated elsewhere. An array of tactors, separated by 3 cm, was placed on the upper surface of the arm and covered with a cloth. Vibro-tactile stimulation was applied to either one or two tactors in two periods. Subjects identified which period contained two stimuli. A psychometric function was drawn through the probability of correct response as a function of tactor separation to determine the threshold distance. In a separate experiment, subjects estimated the perceived location of each tactor against a scale laid on top of the cloth. The estimated locations of the tactors on the tested arm were displaced by tendon vibration of the holding arm compatible with a perceptual lengthening of the arm. The threshold for two-touch discrimination was significantly increased from 4.5 (±0.6) cm with no tendon stimulation to 5.7 (±0.5) cm when the arm was perceptually extended. We conclude that two-point touch discrimination depends on the size of central receptive fields that become larger when the arm is perceptually lengthened.

Electrocutaneous Coding of Information

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Lura I. Raple ◽  
John Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Discrimination Threshold ◽  
Electrocutaneous Stimulation ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Frequency Pulse

Responses to electrocutaneous stimulation were investigated using the two point discrimination threshold as a means of providing information about the range of sensitivity to electrical stimuli. A complete factorial design was used to investigate the effects of frequency, pulse width, and phase shift on the threshold distance at which two electrocutaneous stimuli can be discriminated. Results were analyzed by an analysis of variance. The two point discrimination threshold was found to be significant for frequency, pulse width, and the interaction between pulse width and phase shift. Electrocutaneous sensitivity was determined by the level at which the minimum two point discrimination threshold occurred.

scholarly journals Mechanistic stratification in electroactive biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens mediated by pilus nanowires

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Steidl ◽  
Sanela Lampa-Pastirk ◽  
Gemma Reguera
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Threshold Distance ◽  
Cytochrome Pathway ◽  
Inactivating Mutation ◽  
Electron Carriers ◽  
Biofilm Matrix ◽  
Pilus Assembly

Abstract Electricity generation by Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms grown on electrodes involves matrix-associated electron carriers, such as c-type cytochromes. Yet, the contribution of the biofilm’s conductive pili remains uncertain, largely because pili-defective mutants also have cytochrome defects. Here we report that a pili-deficient mutant carrying an inactivating mutation in the pilus assembly motor PilB has no measurable defects in cytochrome expression, yet forms anode biofilms with reduced electroactivity and is unable to grow beyond a threshold distance (∼10 μm) from the underlying electrode. The defects are similar to those of a Tyr3 mutant, which produces poorly conductive pili. The results support a model in which the conductive pili permeate the biofilms to wire the cells to the conductive biofilm matrix and the underlying electrode, operating coordinately with cytochromes until the biofilm reaches a threshold thickness that limits the efficiency of the cytochrome pathway but not the functioning of the conductive pili network.

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