The effect of NiO addition on the grain boundary behavior and electrochemical performance of Gd-doped ceria solid electrolyte under different sintering conditions
Impedance spectroscopy measurements down to very low temperatures allowed for resolving bulk ion transport properties in highly conducting ceramic electrolytes.
A nanolayer of surface liquid phase in equilibrium with the bulk solid is responsible for the low grain boundary resistance in the solid electrolyte LiCl·DMF, as supported by a combination of experiment, theory, and modelling.