scholarly journals Resistome of a carbapenemase-producing novel ST232 Klebsiella michiganensis isolate from urban hospital effluent in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
T.L. King ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
S. Thakur ◽  
P. Fedorka-Cray ◽  
S. Keelara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Hospital Effluent

scholarly journals Mortality in children aged <5 years with severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV-prevalence urban and rural areas of South Africa, 2009–2013

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255941
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin A. Ayeni ◽  
Sibongile Walaza ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Michelle Groome ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Background Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is an important cause of mortality in young children, especially in children living with HIV infection. Disparities in SARI death in children aged <5 years exist in urban and rural areas. Objective To compare the factors associated with in-hospital death among children aged <5 years hospitalized with SARI in an urban vs. a rural setting in South Africa from 2009–2013. Methods Data were collected from hospitalized children with SARI in one urban and two rural sentinel surveillance hospitals. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for ten respiratory viruses and blood for pneumococcal DNA using polymerase chain reaction. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient and clinical characteristics associated with in-hospital death. Results From 2009 through 2013, 5,297 children aged <5 years with SARI-associated hospital admission were enrolled; 3,811 (72%) in the urban and 1,486 (28%) in the rural hospitals. In-hospital case-fatality proportion (CFP) was higher in the rural hospitals (6.9%) than the urban hospital (1.3%, p<0.001), and among HIV-infected than the HIV-uninfected children (9.6% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). In the urban hospital, HIV infection (odds ratio (OR):11.4, 95% confidence interval (CI):5.4–24.1) and presence of any other underlying illness (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0–9.2) were the only factors independently associated with death. In the rural hospitals, HIV infection (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.3–7.1) and age <1 year (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9–7.2) were independently associated with death, whereas duration of hospitalization ≥5 days (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) and any respiratory virus detection (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) were negatively associated with death. Conclusion We found that the case-fatality proportion was substantially higher among children admitted to rural hospitals and HIV infected children with SARI in South Africa. While efforts to prevent and treat HIV infections in children may reduce SARI deaths, further efforts to address health care inequality in rural populations are needed.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Providencia rettgeri APW139_S1, an NDM-18-Producing Clinical Strain Originating from Hospital Effluent in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noyise B. Ntshobeni ◽  
Mushal Allam ◽  
Arshad Ismail ◽  
Daniel G. Amoako ◽  
Sabiha Y. Essack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Effluent

Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic pathogen implicated in various clinical infections. Here, we report the genome sequence of a Providencia rettgeri strain isolated from hospital effluent in South Africa, which harbors the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) variant 18 gene (bla NDM-18).

scholarly journals The High Cost of HIV-Positive Inpatient Care at an Urban Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0148546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Long ◽  
Matthew P. Fox ◽  
Celeste Sauls ◽  
Denise Evans ◽  
Ian Sanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Urban Hospital

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors in urban hospital outpatients in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Linda Skaal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Hospital Outpatient ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Hospital Outpatients

<p><strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among outpatients in an urban hospital in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method.</strong> A sample of 1 532 consecutively selected patients (56.4% men and 43.6% women) from various hospital outpatient departments were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Based on assessment with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, a measure of psychological distress, 17.1% of the patients (15.5% of men and 19.4% of women) had severe psychological distress. Logistic multiple regression identified no income, poor health status, migraine headache and tuberculosis as significant factors associated with severe psychological stress for men. For women the factors identified were lower education, no income, having been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease, stomach ulcer and migraine headache.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>The study found a high prevalence of psychological distress among hospital outpatients in South Africa. Brief psychological therapies for adult patients with anxiety, depression or mixed common mental health problems treated in hospital outpatient departments are indicated. Accurate diagnosis of co-morbid depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with chronic medical illness is essential in understanding the cause and optimising the management of somatic symptom burden.</p>

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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