scholarly journals Early life adversity, biological adaptation, and human capital: evidence from an interrupted malaria control program in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 102532
Author(s):  
Günther Fink ◽  
Atheendar S. Venkataramani ◽  
Arianna Zanolini
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Biological Adaptation

Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Sáenz ◽  
Richard A. Bissell ◽  
Francisco Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractIntroduction:In recent years, controversy has surrounded the issue of whether infectious disease should be considered a serious potential consequence of natural disasters. This article contributes to this debate with evidence of a significant outbreak of malaria in Costa Rica's Atlantic region after the 1991 earthquake and subsequent floods.Methods:This study is an epidemiologic investigation of the incidence of malaria for the periods of 22 months before the April 1991 Limon earthquake and for 13 months afterward. Data were obtained from the Costa Rican Ministry of Health's malaria control program.Results:Some of the cantons in the region experienced increases in the incidence of malaria as high as 1,600% and 4,700% above the average monthly rate for the pre-earthquake period (p ≤0.01). Causal mechanisms are postulated as relating to changes in human behavior (increased exposure to mosquitoes while sleeping outside, and a temporary pause in malaria control activities), changes in the habitat that were beneficial to mosquito breeding (landslide deforestation, river damming, and rerouting), and the floods of August 1991.Conclusions:It is recommended that there be enhanced awareness of the potential consequences of disaster-wrought environmental changes.Date of Event: 22 April 1991; Type: Earthquake, 7.4 Richter scale; Location: Costa Rica; Number of deaths and casualties: 54 deaths and 505 moderate to severe injuries.

scholarly journals Seeking Research Questions from Implementers: Considerations for Leveraging Ground Actors Research Needs in the Fight against Malaria in West Africa.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tete Sitou Amouh ◽  
Saidou Malam Ekoye ◽  
Césaire Damien Ahanhanzo ◽  
Tinga Robert Guiguemdé ◽  
Issiaka Sombié
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract In Sahel countries in West Africa malaria remains a public health scourge. To strengthen the fight against malaria, weaknesses, and solutions must be identified before programs implementation. This study reports experiences gained from collaborations between decision-makers and researchers. This project was undertaken in the framework of the regional World Bank funded project titled: Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Sahel (SM/NTD). The objectives of this World Bank program are to identifying bottlenecks in program implementation as well as the related research questions they enticed. National malaria control program managers and prioritization workshops were used as working method to identify research questions. These identified priority research questions were implemented in selected countries. The results of this study showed that priority issues were related to prevention, governance, drugs, monitoring, and evaluation of programs. The first five priority questions were related to (1) factors of compliance with drug doses for the second and third days during the seasonal chemoprevention (SMC) campaigns, (2) the contribution of community-based distributors to the management of severe cases of malaria in under 5 years-old children, (3) the SMC efficacy, (4) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) tolerance and efficacy according to existing guidelines, and (5) the quality of malaria control at all levels of the health system. In conclusion, this work showed the effectiveness of collaboration between implementers, programs managers, and researchers in identifying research questions. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to improve the implementation of malaria control programs across African countries.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Insecticide Spraying For Malaria Control In A Terai District Of Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Pramod Singh GC ◽  
P K Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
The Cost

Background: Malaria is one of the public health problems in Nepal. It is estimated that 25% of population of Nepal are infected by malaria at any time. Malaria control program was first initiated in 1954 with support of USAID through the Insect Born Disease Control Program. This program was changed into Malaria Eradication Program in 1958. The program was reverted to control program in 1978.Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of insecticide spraying from the provider’s perspective in a Terai district of eastern Nepal.Methods: Morang District of eastern Terai was purposively selected. A pre-tested interview was used to collect data from program managers and government officers in the Malaria Control Program. The main categories of variables were manpower, insecticide, pump and others.Results: The cost for indoor residual spraying per person protected was calculated as Rs.24.70 (US$0.31). This cost was for one cycle and there were two cycles in a year. So the cost per year was Rs.49.40 (US$0.62). The cost per household was calculated as Rs. 129.56 (US$1.65) per cycle and Rs.259.12 and US$3.30 per year for residual spraying.Conclusion: In this cost analysis of indoor residual spraying, the cost per household per year was found Rs. 259.12 and US$3.30. The cost calculated per person protected per year was Rs. 49.40 and US$0.62. This analysis would be more complete if a comparative study of both costs and effectiveness of various vector control measures are undertaken in Nepal.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 175-179

scholarly journals Transgenic Mosquitoes Fight against Malaria: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Laxmi Shrestha ◽  
Shraddha Prakash ◽  
Roshan Kumar Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
Transgenic Mosquitoes

Malaria control with transgenic mosquitoes will be challenging; however, recent advances suggest that it may be a possibility in the foreseeable future. Progress towards discovering refractory genes for rodent malaria and gene drive systems for Drosophila provide hope that similar advances may be made for human malaria in mosquito vector species. That said, the African malaria burden has proved exceptionally difficult to diminish by all means tried thus far; and it is unlikely that transgenic mosquitoes will provide an all-in-one solution. Transgenic mosquitoes should be considered within the context of an integrated vector management strategy which should also include insecticide-treated bed-nets, indoor residual spraying with insecticides and treatment of infected individuals with antimalarial drugs. Integrated strategies will be a necessity for any successful african malaria control program and transgenic mosquitoes should be considered as a potential ingredient in the future goal of continent-wide disease control.

scholarly journals Implementation Fidelity of the National Malaria Control Program in Burkina Faso

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e69865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéry Ridde ◽  
Thomas Druetz ◽  
Serge Poppy ◽  
Seni Kouanda ◽  
Slim Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
National Malaria Control Program
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